zara的饥饿营销策略

⑴ 作为快时尚品牌的Zara仍然一枝独秀，为何Zara能长盛不衰

Zara在快时尚日渐没落的今天依然能够占据服装市场的的一席之地，不仅仅是因为它独特的营销策略以及服装的设计和质量，也是因为它懂得随着时代潮流积极地改变自己，逐渐优化自己的经营结构来适应电商的崛起。它作为快时尚品牌的界的大佬之一稳居高位并不是没有原因的。

最后，Zara能够顺应电商时代的销售趋势，积极开拓新的营销领域。虽然电商仍然是其规模较小的渠道，但是，Zara电商的客单价已经超过实体店，今年上半年集团11%的同店销售增长，Zara电商的贡献是无疑的。Zara在全球120家店铺中引进了虚拟现实技术，对实体店进行改造。消费者通过手机选择产品让模特试穿，然后通过店内传感器投射在AR购物窗，吸引了更多年轻用户进店消费。

⑵ 简单介绍zara

价位比杰克琼斯稍微贵一点，大概夏天的衣服199-399，春秋的299-899，冬天的599-1299这个样子。当然，特殊款会更贵点~

男生女生都有的。

适合年龄，20-35吧。

至于特色，就是款式基本属于模仿国际大牌，完了再加上点自己的风格，但价格比较亲民（相比大牌），所以卖的很好，一直是全球3大最畅销服装品牌之一。

zara的附件也有很多的，比如眼镜，包包，帽子什么的~

⑶ zara的市场营销策略的英文文献

这些都是国外网站上的，没有中文翻译的，看不懂的话试试翻译器，查查字典什么的，我要是给你翻译怕误导你。

Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later

Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men’s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.

Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: “I don’t know. I’ve never shopped at The Gap.”

Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.

While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara’s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.

Zara’s Marketing Strategy

Zara’s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what’s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.

Zara’s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.

“These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,” said Zara’s Toronto store manager. “They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.”

This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store’s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara’s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.

Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, “That would look really nice with a cowl collar,” an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.

The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970’s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara’s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.

“We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That’s why our customers come in often,” the Toronto store manager said. “We might get ten of one item and five of another. We’re constantly testing.”

The density of Zara’s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.

The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara’s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara’s marketing strategy is clear.

The Results and the Future

Zara’s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex’s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.

While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world’s most lucrative market.

Question 1 – Zara’s Business Model and Competitive Analysis

Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruña, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara has remained focused on its core fashion philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. In order to realized these results Zara developed a business model that incorporated the following three goals for operations: develop a system the requires short lead times, decrease quantities proced to decrease inventory risk, and increase the number of available styles and/or choice. These goals helped to formulate a unique value proposition: to combine moderate prices with the ability to offer new clothing styles faster than its competitors. These three goals helped to shape Zara’s current business model.

Zara’s Business Model
Zara’s business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara’s fundamental concept is to maintain design, proction, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. José María Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that "the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply can't move fast enough." This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zara’s operations.

Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control over their proction processes keeping design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its proction processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruña headquarters. They have strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and proce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand.

Value drivers for Zara are both tangible and intangible in the benefits that are returned to all stakeholders. Tangibly, Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has 11.02% net margin on operations and their market capitalization (Equity – market value) is

⑷ ZARA是如何一步步发展起来的

Zara创于1975年，是西班牙Inditex集团旗下的品牌，有超过两千多家的服装连锁店，设计优异、价格较为低廉，深受全球时尚青年的喜爱。Inditex是全球排名第一的服装零售集团，旗下有8个品牌，Zara是其中最有名的，其销售额占总销售额的70%，它开创了快时尚的模式，是服装行业的标杆。

Zara成功的原因是以顾客为导向、高效的管理、迅速灵活的生产、独特的营销价格策略，这让它成为了服装行业的一个神话。

⑸ 分众传媒zara,极米电视从营销4P的角度来看

4P营销理论被归结为四个基本策略的组合，即产品（Proct）、价格（Price）、渠道（Place）、促销（Promotion），由于这四个词的英文字头都是P，所以叫做4P

⑹ zara的品牌特征是什么

ZARA旗下拥有400余位的专业设计师，一年推出的商品超过120000款，可说是同业的5倍之多，而且设计师其平均岁数只有25岁，他们随时穿梭于米兰、东京、纽约、巴黎等时尚重地观看服装秀，以撷取设计理念与最新的潮流趋势，进而仿真仿效推出高时髦感的时尚单品。

每周两次的补货上架，每隔三周就要全面性的汰旧换新，全球各店在两周内就可同步进行更新完毕，极高的商品汰换率，也加快了顾客上门的回店率，因为消费者已于无形中建立起ZARA随时都有新东西的重要形象。

除此之外，ZARA设计群也实时与全球各地的ZARA店长进行电话会议，透过了解各地的销售状况与顾客反应，来灵活变通调整商品的设计方向，因应客人的百变口味，而且在顾客购买的同时，店员已经将商品特征以及顾客资料输入计算机，藉由网际传输将数据送回ZARA总部。

设计群则可掌握各种精确的销售分析与顾客喜好，再加上本身专业的时尚敏锐度，来决定下一批商品的设计走向与数量，如此一来，商品即可发挥最大销售率，也意味着能有效压低库存的出现率。

(6)zara的饥饿营销策略扩展阅读：

ZARA（飒拉）是1975年设立于西班牙隶属Inditex集团(股票代码ITX)旗下的一个子公司，既是服装品牌也是专营ZARA品牌服装的连锁零售品牌。ZARA是全球排名第三、西班牙排名第一的服装商，在87个国家内设立超过两千多家的服装连锁店。

ZARA深受全球时尚青年的喜爱，设计师品牌的优异设计价格却更为低廉，简单来说就是让平民拥抱High Fashion。Inditex是西班牙排名第一，超越了美国的GAP、瑞典的H&M、丹麦的KM成为全球排名第一的服装零售集团。

截至2013年10月31日它在全球86个国家和地区开设了6249家专卖店，旗下共有8个服装零售品牌，ZARA是其中最有名的品牌。在全球86个国家拥有1808家专卖店（自营专卖店占90%，其余为合资和特许专卖店）。

⑺ Inditex集团的发展战略

制胜法宝：速度就是胜利
奥特加的成功，缘于他让Inditex集团建立了一套能对消费者的口味和需要及时做出反馈的系统。
ZARA占Inditex集团七成以上的销售额。作为集团的旗舰店，其经营策略与意大利的贝纳通、美国的GAP和瑞典的H&M等大型服装零售商迥然不同。它不局限于每季的流行趋势，而是时刻不停地留意最新的时尚款式，并尽快提供能满足顾客需要的产品。通常，当时尚杂志还在预告当季的流行趋势时，ZARA的橱窗已经在展示这些产品了。
Inditex集团的时尚理念是：创造性、高质量的设计和对市场需求的快速反应。Inditex在全球各地的职员每天都会报告不同市场的流行信息，在西班牙的设计师则随时关注相关资料和集团每天的销售情况，以便调整现有设计，并策划新的服装系列。仅在ZARA公司，奥特加就拥有400多人的设计团队，他们根据从米兰、巴黎的时装展上获取的灵感，进行大量创作，使公司的时装生产做到量少款多。ZARA每年推出的时装款式高达12 000余种，这在业内是一个相当惊人的数字。
据说，ZARA的一件衬衣，从拉科鲁尼亚的设计室开始设计，到摆进纽约或东京的专卖店，只需要两个星期的时间，比其他竞争对手快十倍以上。而ZARA会利用这一小段领先的时间进行市场调查，从各种不同的服装款式中找出最热卖的几种。通过这种方式，公司能迅速把滞销时装的生产停下来。
奥特加的这种做法非常有效，特别是在销售淡季，可以防止竞争对手通过大量进货和低价倾销攫走市场利润。在服装零售上，奥特加深谙消费者心理。许多ZARA店根本没有仓库，完美的物流配送系统保证全球1000多家ZARA店几乎可以做到同步上货。它一般每星期上两次新货，货量很少，但总会带给顾客新鲜感，这让喜欢ZARA的人乐于定期光顾。同时在ZARA，热销的产品最多只补两次货就不再重复。一方面，它减少人们撞衫的机会；另一方面，如果看到喜欢的服饰不买，很快就会没货，消费者就会产生“悔不当初”的感觉，下次购物时就会比较果断。
独特模式：坚持“欧洲制造”
ZARA时装从设计、制造到零售，所需时间只有半个月，这样做的目的之一是降低成本。与此同时，Inditex集团的生产基地大多放在西班牙及葡萄牙，这样可以确保产品的质量。奥特加这一新的经营模式成为西方许多工商管理学院的教材。
目前，很多时装商都把服饰的生产工序放到劳动力便宜的第三世界国家进行，以最大限度地节约成本。但Inditex的旗舰店ZARA，以及Pull&Bear、MassimoDutti、Bershka及Stradixarius等品牌服装店，有八成服装仍是在欧洲制造的，当中五成来自西班牙。Inditex购置了先进的机器在西班牙设厂，进行染色和剪裁等资本密集的自动化工序，而缝合工序则在邻近地区的小型工厂完成。
奥特加坚持让集团的绝大部分生产和采购都在西班牙国内或欧洲进行。他当然知道亚洲的纺织品原料价格比欧洲便宜，劳动力成本也比欧洲便宜得多，但他认为，他们的时装利润并不低，将采购和生产放在欧洲，虽然增加了成本，但这并不是多么严重的问题。坚持“欧洲制造”可以保证速度和质量，使公司在最短时间内推出新款“欧洲”时装。
奥特加用他的“时尚速度”模式推翻了想当然的“无情的全球化压力”。“二战”之后，制造商们开始在南美洲和亚洲无序地寻找劳动力廉价的地区开设加工厂，引发了现在被“反全球化主义者”称为“低价竞争”的风潮。从玩具到服装的每一种产品的制造商都必须在诸如柬埔寨或斯里兰卡等地找到最廉价的劳动力，不然他们将在竞争对手的低价倾销面前一败涂地。但是奥特加在低价竞争的风潮里一路走了过来，他向世人证明了市场机动力和必要的少量缺货比廉价劳动力更为重要。想当然的认识，只会使得原有的产业市场渐渐萎缩。
重要贡献：引领西班牙时装革命
多年来，ZARA以其流行的设计、较佳的质量和中档价位为许多国家的都市白领女性所追捧。它几乎不打广告，单靠口碑与速度在国际时尚界打出一片天。奥特加时尚意识强，重视时装的设计与品质，他的Inditex集团旗下各个品牌在市场都有独特的定位与卖点。他强调时装是“互动的”，他手下强大的设计师队伍保证了ZARA等品牌紧跟世界流行时尚，甚至引领时尚潮流。
有人说，参观Inditex的工厂和物流中心，就能感受到什么是真正的“时装工业”。这个庞大的时装集团，现在由100多家设计、制造和销售公司组成，在60多个国家和地区有近3 000家分店。在全球400多个大城市的主要商业区，人们都能看到Inditex旗下的品牌连锁店。基于创新与灵活性的独特管理模式，已经使Inditex成为世界最大时装企业之一。
在西班牙人眼里，奥特加是西班牙时装界革命的真正开创者，是推动西班牙时尚进程的主要人物之一。在他的努力下，设计大师的服装对普通百姓来说不再是遥不可及，而服装设计和生产亦成为西班牙一个强大而充满活力的行业，为50万人提供了就业机会。特别是最近几年，西班牙时装业经历了影响深远的国际化进程，以奥特加的Inditex集团为代表的一些企业成功开拓了海外市场，并使西班牙终于跻身国际时装顶级国家的行列。

⑻ zara的物流策略是什么

关键词：物流外包 第三方物流 企业物流
企业将物流外包已成为一种共识，物流业务外包可能带来较大的风险，我国许多企业并不愿意将物流业务外包，但物流业务外包已经成为一种趋势，企业究竟应该如何对待外包？本文将从外包前、外包运行中和外包后三个时间段来讨论如何实施外包。
外包前的准备
（一）选择第三方物流公司
企业可以将物流业务外包给一家第三方物流公司，也可以外包给多家物流公司。选择第三方物流公司，必须对第三方物流公司进行科学合理的评价。可以从很多方面对第三方物流公司进行评价，笔者认为以下三个方面最为重要：
第三方物流公司的核心竞争力。首先要分析企业内部物流状况，然后调查物流公司的核心竞争力等，确保物流公司的核心竞争力正是企业需要的。企业根据自身需要，考察物流公司的特长才能做出正确的选择。
第三方物流公司的服务成本。即对物流公司的报价进行评估，报价应该是根据物流公司自身的成本确定的，所以，第三方物流公司应该提供相对详细的报价清单。同时，企业本身必须明确物流服务的合理成本，这样才能判断第三方物流公司的报价是否在合理的范围之内。
第三方物流公司拥有的物流资产。企业应该选择那些自身拥有一定物流运作资源的公司，否则就会遇到运作

⑼ ZARA是如何从裁缝铺到商业帝国的

奥特加作为Zara的创始人，在Zara的发展史上功不可没，他可以说是一手缔造了Zara的辉煌。而他是如何在竞争激烈的服装行业里打下自己的一片天地呢？与他的的经营理念密不可分，而他的经营理念，用两个字来概括，就是创新。他从来不走寻常路，以新、快取胜，紧跟时尚，紧随大众的潮流，跟随大众的一个不断变化的口味。

最后，就是Zara十分懂得去营销，虽然它一点都不爱做广告，但是它把钱砸到了应该砸的地方。服装行业通过做广告来营销的确不是一件性价比很高的事情。所以Zara就把钱花在了拍模特的穿衣照上，而模特并不是普通的、那些我们经常会看到的那种成衣照片上的模特，而是世界顶级超模。另一方面，Zara会将自己的门店装潢的很高级，所以人们一看这家店，就会觉得衣服的品质很好。