Ⅰ 关于服装销售论文的参考文献
你这篇中国知网也好,万方数据也好都有例子!甚至网络文库都有!
==================论文写作方法内===========================
论文网上容没有免费的,与其花人民币,还不如自己写,万一碰到骗人的,就不上算了。
写作论文的简单方法,首先大概确定自己的选题,然后在网上查找几份类似的文章,通读一遍,对这方面的内容有个大概的了解!
参照论文的格式,列出提纲,补充内容,实在不会,把这几份论文综合一下,从每篇论文上复制一部分,组成一篇新的文章!
然后把按自己的语言把每一部分换下句式或词,经过换词不换意的办法处理后,网上就查不到了,祝你顺利完成论文!
Ⅱ 市场营销中的品牌战略(近三年)的参考文献
在网络里直接收吧,应该有
Ⅲ 求有关品牌营销的文献综述
《营销策划:营销应该透过品牌来整合》
管品牌是一门大生意、大资产,但品牌管理目前还处于初级阶段。真正意义上的品牌战略管理需要全面整合企业经营资源,系统地开辟新的业务范围,创建市场竞争优势。
传统营销受到挑战
时下的市场营销只关注推出新产品的运作过程,把品牌只当作一种单纯、极端的行动指令,局限于广告、包装和商标等宣传活动,即品牌的形象管理方面。从现在开始,企业将面临这样的战略抉择:企业如何保持持久的竞争优势?企业如何扩张新业务?企业如何提升赢利能力?
新经济时代下高速度和快节奏是新经济时代的特征之一,速度很自然地成为竞争中的一个重要因素,因此,今天的企业必须迫切地反思业务使命和经营战略,调整状态,以适应未来的市场变化与发展。今天竞争者千变万化,技术日新月异,顾客千差万别。企业要想长期立于不败之地,只有不断地创新竞争优势,创造强势品牌。
在“业务如例行公事”的日子里,企业只要生产产品,积极推销和大量的广告投入就能成功,这被称为“营销”。这是种"大街上的人"的普遍营销观点。然而,不幸的是许多企业就是这样认为,也正在这样做,但这些营销观点是一帖造成灾难的配方。目前,大多数企业的营销推广活动多采取一套营销传播“食谱”,并编成详细的指导原则。例如,推广产品需要:“一汤匙”新闻稿、“二杯”电视广告、“二克”报纸广告、“一份宣传册”和“一个”促销。这样很难创造良好的市场效益;或者一时市场反应较好,但却难以持久。广告费不应该白白花掉,而是预期有具体回收计划的投资。广告传播是现代企业经济中最具风险的投资之一,现今人们可以这样认为,至少四分之三的广告开支可以说是颗粒无收。如果一家企业耗资千万元投资一条新的生产线,但却不去考虑它的回报,以及并不确信产品销售额有所提高,您认为这可能吗?我们一定会说“这绝对不可能”。这种事情在市场营销中并不少见,市场攻势破费百万金钱,却难以叩开市场之门。
今天的顾客面对的每一种商品都品目繁多,顾客对产品质量和服务的需求多种多样,而且日益增长,但是对价格的期望则越来越低。
如今因科技的进步,产品的同质化越来越高,一些配销的方式及通路的特点,也很容易被抄袭和效仿,当一个新品上市后,会有“一大群”同类产品跟进,分割开拓者的市场,并迫使你不得不降价,并与其展开拼命的搏杀,而且使你身陷险境,遭受多面冲击和危胁,竞争者努力钻营的结果,将使得流通上获的利润减少,许多厂商把营销网织得很大,也未能获得市场上的优势。传统营销受到前所未有的挑战。
经营品牌而非产品
传统管理模式通常只是在产品资格证上大做文章,而企业不可回避的是要在品牌战略管理上下功夫。许多企业拥有产品管理人员,但有很多问题。随着越来越多的品牌不断扩张,派生出种类繁多的产品,管理职能也分散下放到基层决策机构,长此以往,决策部门在没有基层参与的情况下的决策往往对品牌不利。
品牌不是产品,但它赋予产品意义并确定产品的形式、形象和价值。企业发现,品牌管理已是战略性的管理,需要全面系统的规划管理。品牌向管理人员提出了一系列新问题:企业需要多少新的品牌?如何管理品牌?如何策划品牌扩张?品牌扩张应包括哪些产品和服务项目?品牌扩张应避开哪些领域?如何解决经营范围限制和维持销售额之间的矛盾?战线拉得太长会削弱品牌权益,反之亦然。随着技术进步、产品更新换代和顾客交替更迭,如何保持品牌永久的生命力并使之适应时代的发展,获得永久魅力?如何使单一品牌下的多种产品的销售实现综合平衡并最大限度获取利润?如何利用产品品牌的关系优化品牌形象?品牌是否具有成为国际品牌的潜力?品牌国际化有何利弊?许多企业使用共同品牌。品牌形象策划与企业形象策划之间有何不同?既然品牌有价值,如何衡量评估它的价值并有效地进行调查和管理?是否应把品牌价值列入资产负债表并将其实际经济价值向股东、投资者和商业伙伴公布?
其中心概念是品牌的品质,不是品牌的形象。这种品质需要界定和管理,是品牌管理的核心。它需要开创新思路、探索新方法。
新经济时代里,无形资产决定企业价值,新经济在向企业展示其无穷魅力的同时,也对企业提出了更高的要求。对于众多的传统企业来讲,认清形势才能更好地抓住机遇,迎接挑战。企业在什么行业并不重要,短期的收入也不重要,关键看它拥有的无形资产。在《解读价值密码:成功企业是如何在新经济中创造财富的》一书中,利伯特认为,新经济时代衡量企业是否会成功有四条标准:一是公司的资产体系,包括知识、无形资产、信息、软件系统等,用反映现代经济的模式来判断;二是看它是否敢于面对风险,不仅是金融、实物方面的风险,还要敢于面对无形资产的风险;三是运用了当代最先进的技术;四是企业的价值取向,不仅是有形的资产,也要看无形资产。
在一些发达国家,一些优秀企业的有形资产与无形资产的比例已达到1:2或1:3。拥有知名品牌的公司,企业的品牌价值已远远超过其年销售总额,如可口可乐、麦当劳、迪斯尼、雀巢等均是如此。许多名牌由于市场覆盖面广,社会知名度高,因此给企业带来了巨大的经济效益。这些无形资产的经济价值要远大于其有形资产,其巨大的产权份量增强了企业发展的后劲,也是公司经济实力的体现。
企业经营的是品牌,而非产品,品牌使企业的内部资源得以优化配置,并为顾客创造真正的价值。
营销应该透过品牌来整合
21世纪将是名牌争夺天下的世纪,我国经济逐步融入国际市场,面临着更加激烈的竞争环境,进入了品牌竞争时代,市场竞争是产品质量、技术服务和价格等诸要素的竞争,诸要素的竞争最终要通过品牌竞争来实现。可以预言:21世纪将是名牌争夺天下的世纪。以名牌的经济实力为后盾来分割世界资源、拓展全球市场,将是国际经济运行的一大特点。
品牌战略是企业竞争取胜之道。当今,企业间的竞争已由单一的商品质量竞争,转向综合经济实力的竞争,而综合实力的竞争,最终是创造自己的品牌。谁要想成为一个优秀企业家,谁就要懂得并能熟练运用品牌战略。
企业创造了产品,市场创造了品牌,企业的竞争优势则集中体现在具有市场竞争优势的品牌。那么,企业不仅应为生产产品建立良好的管理体制和经营机制,更应该确立正确的品牌战略,从而创建有效的市场竞争机制。
品牌战略不仅仅是为了创造名牌,更是为了创造具有持久市场竞争优势的品牌。有了强势的品牌,才能形成强大的市场空间,尽可能地通过营销组织获得更大的销售利润。如果企业急功近利,过度地追求名牌效益,缺乏对未来市场战略性的思考,势必会造成重眼前、轻长远的经营行为。
企业经营机制的建立可控因素较大,而市场的机制较难以掌控,因为市场是在不断地变幻,消费观念的变化、市场结构的变化、竞争格局的变化、社会局势的变化等等,都可能使企业的营销组织及策略发生变化。因此,企业的管理应以市场为导向,营销组织及策略更应该以市场为导向,依据市场的不同时期,不同状况,来进行调整。那么,如何确立科学的营销策略成为现代营销组织探索的重要课题。企业管理是决策者思想及行为的体现,那么市场管理应该是品牌战略的集中体现。如果一个企业要想创造具有市场竞争优势的产品,必须拟定正确的品牌战略,从而全面展开企业的各项营销活动,通过品牌传达齐一的个性,一致的讯息以及采取统一的行动,这样,才能赢得消费者对品牌的认知,获得应有的市场效应。
产品的特征、功能、价值是品牌的一部分,而品牌则会有形象、服务及消费者的认知、忠诚等因素,现代市场营销的成功,不单单是指产品某一时期的营销成功,而应该是为长期保持品牌竞争优势的经营成功。整合不仅仅是集中和统一,更应该是创造品牌价值,才能达到长期持久的整合。所有的整合都应符合品牌战略的宗旨,所有的营销策略都应符合品牌战略的方针及原则,这样,才能进行有效的市场动态管理,依据品牌战略,制订不同时期,不同阶段的营销策略。通过品牌来保证策略的统一性、正确性、系统性。
营销不是策略的罗列,而是战略的具体表现,所有营销策略的目标都是为实现品牌总体战略目标服务的,品牌战略具有指导性、长期性;营销策略具有可操作性、阶段性。营销的各个策略应通过品牌来整合,这样长此以往,才能创造优势品牌,从而创造市场竞争优势。因此,品牌战略企划必须有敏锐的市场分析,简捷清晰的思考,并做出正确的判断。面对激烈的市场竞争,企业应发展出相应的策略去创造市场,而不是一成不变地保守经营。我们相信,现代企业唯有创造具有竞争优势的品牌方能立于不败之地。
产品是工厂所生产的,品牌才是消费者所购买的。
拥有市场比拥有工厂更重要,我们经营的是品牌而非仅销售产品。
产品极易过时落伍,但成功的品牌却能持久不坠。
迈入品牌竞争时代,当前经济界人士提出"迈入二十一世纪的入场券,生死悠关话名牌",但如何创造品牌,制订品牌战略,这应该是现今企业家所面临的最为迫切的课题,但不管理论如何正确,都必须付诸于具体的实践,没有行动,就无法使理论变成现实。BIR品牌竞争解决之道,通过实战经验创立了一整套行之有效的品牌战略企划系统,把品牌竞争思想,形成具有系统的解决方案。相信,全新的观念,定能引发全新的变革。
Ⅳ 基于SWOT分析淘宝高档女装自品牌的营销策略研究
【摘要】 当今电子商务发展的市场竞争越来越激烈,然而淘宝作为电商这个行业的佼佼者,在当今互联网竞争的形势中也面临着十分巨大的挑战。我们怎么样才能够通过电商平台来增加市场占有率?这也十分重,打开淘宝app的同时,我们可以看到有多女装的自销品牌,这些服装大多都是只在像淘宝这样的线上平台来进行运营,销售额仅仅靠淘宝所提供的这个营销平台还是不够的,市场在消费者手中,高档女装品牌要获得一定的市场占有率,也是需要通过营销策划来进行自我的分析。
【关键词】电子商务 自品牌 SWOT分析 营销策略
第一章:绪论
1.1 研究背景
现如今我们国家已经快速的进入了经济转型的新形态,在传统经济发展机制下,我们提出了“互联+”的概念经营模式,大力的提倡互联网上自行品牌创业。在此基础上,分析淘宝是如何运营高端女装品牌,如何通过合理化的科学手段去将品牌文化形成自身企业品牌文化发展的一个趋势,需亟待研究。
分析当前消费者市场背景下的营销策略,本文通过当前国内外女装服饰发展的现状与趋势,分析中国互联网电商发展需求所遇到的问题和淘宝运营所带来的影响,以及女装消费者购买行为的分析,进行淘宝电商企业品牌文化发展的现状分析和执行策略。
1.2 研究目的及意义
本文通过对当前国内外服装电商自营品牌发展的现状与趋势,以及淘宝高档女装自营品牌的发展现状与趋势进行调查研究,分析淘宝高档女装自营品牌发展的机遇和困难;从中国互联网电商发展和消费者需求入手,分析淘宝高档女装自营品牌营销策略的特点与存在的问题,给淘宝电商自营品牌的发展的现状做分析和改进策略。
1.3 研究方法与思路
本文主要通过查阅大量的广告传播、传播学电子商务、市场营销等方面的知识的书籍与文献,搜索网络上有关的文献资料,获得比较深层次的认识,并通过SWOT分析模型分析新形势下淘宝某自营品牌的营销策略。
其次结合本人在生活工作中总结出的若干与电商发展相关的知识,以及实际调研中获取一手资料,经过咀嚼、吸收化为文字性资料。在此基础上,辩析、归纳、总结出现阶段我国淘宝高档女装自品牌营销策略所存在的一些问题。
第二章:文献综述
2.1 广告与消费者心理
电子商务当今发展的越发激烈,广告的投放于消费者的心理相关性非常大,在运营上占优势是带来收益效果的最佳方式。
广告的目的有两个,一是不断的提升销量,来增加不断的收益;二是通过不断的提升品牌的形象,增加市场占有率的同时来提升品牌的知名度,来达到一定客户的忠诚度。
广告心理学是用来探究广告活动投放与消费者不断作用的心理观察的学科。通过消费者的反馈:引起消费者的注意-通过消费者的理解来产生的联想-不断的增加与产品的感情-不断的增加对产品的记忆深刻-最终实现购买。这种态度需要消费者对产品具有一定的评价和一定的倾向性进行购买。当人们对某个产品的态度发生了改变的时候,事物的意识形态也随之发生改变。需要引起注意,来使消费者在不同的情况下发生态度的转变。
由于广告的不同类型,不同的影响因素也不断的改变消费者的意识形态,因此,需要不断的把控到消费者的态度,广告通过不同的表现形式来转变消费者的意识形态。消费者有可能因为生活环境、文化背景、经济实力等的差异性,随之对广告的反馈也是各不相同的。对于文化水平较低的消费者而言,单一性的广告宣传,能改变他们的想法上态度的转变。而对于文化程度较高的消费者而言,需要采用不同的媒介和不同的表达方式对消费者进行思想上理智的转化,这类消费者往往能接受正、反方面的传播方式,来进行自我……思考后,判断性的进行购买。
消费者的态度能够影响到产品的推广以及整个的盈利,需要进行不断的消费者态度的市场调研,来增加联系性。消费者的购买冲动是指通过引导其消费心理来进行的一种反馈。
因此,广告设计执行需要根据不同消费者的购买动机与冲动的因素进行引导。在我国市场上,以家庭为单位的消费者,往往多于其他类型的消费者,愿意接受不同品味、内涵的广告。随着我国经济突飞猛进的发展,消费行为的多样性也随追求不同、个性的生活方式而改变。我国的年轻消费群体具有一定的购买能力,会根据自己喜欢接受的生活方式来进行消费。
消费者对于我们来说在市场上市主体,抓住消费者的消费心理,激发消费者的购买欲望来进行引导,同时需要不断满足消费者的购买心理,了解并进行研究,通过消费者的需要、购买动机、消费反馈等进行广告的投放。
广告是指通过媒体来向消费者传递信息的宣传手段。广义的广告包括两种,一种是非经济广告,一种是经济广告。
广义上的非经济广告是效应广告,不以盈利为目的。狭义上的经济广告称之为商业广告,
Ⅳ zara的市场营销策略的英文文献
这些都是国外网站上的,没有中文翻译的,看不懂的话试试翻译器,查查字典什么的,我要是给你翻译怕误导你。
Zara: Cool Clothes Now, Not Later
Ask any urban European female under the age of 30 and chances are she has shopped at Zara, the clothier whose inexpensive but stylish offerings have attracted a cult following. Zara also sells men’s fashions, again aimed at the stylish and youthful.
Mathieu Soto, a college tennis player from France with dark eyes and devastating good looks, was asked to compare Zara to The Gap, the U.S. - based clothing giant with a major presence in Europe. His response: “I don’t know. I’ve never shopped at The Gap.”
Most U.S. young alts have never shopped at Zara, but that seems likely to change in the near future. In the past five years Zara has grown from 179 stores mostly in Spain to 450 stores in 29 countries including the United States and Canada. Zara now has stores in New York, New Jersey, Miami, and Toronto—with more on the way.
While Zara is unlikely to displace The Gap in the U.S. market, they are certain to offer U.S. consumers an option previously unavailable to them. They have a sound if unusual marketing strategy in which logistics plays an important role. Logistics also plays an important role in Zara’s growth plans, notably its expansion into the U.S. market.
Zara’s Marketing Strategy
Zara’s marketing strategy focuses on proct variety, speed-to-market, and store location. It is also notable for what it excludes. Zara does not advertise in the traditional sense. If you want to find out what’s currently available at the Zara stores you have two options: go to the web site or go to the store. Zara puts 10,000 different items on the store shelves in a single year. It can take a new style from concept to store shelf in 10-14 days in an instry where nine months is the norm. In its primary European markets, Zara locates its stores close together. Visitors comment that Zara in Madrid is like Starbucks in a major U.S. city—you see another store on every street corner.
Zara’s Toronto store is located just north of the center of downtown in a major shopping district dense with malls and lined with stand-alone stores and giant office buildings. The potential for intense competition is clear.
“These office buildings are full of the people we want as customers. We want them to stop in at lunch or after work. We want to see them often, so we have to change what we have on the shelves,” said Zara’s Toronto store manager. “They could shop in a lot of other stores, so we have to make it worth their time to come here.”
This also helps explain why the company does not advertise. If a Zara customer wants to know what Zara has, he or she must go to the store. The stock changes often, with most items staying on the shelf for only a month, so the customer often finds something new and appealing. By the same token, if the customer finds nothing to buy this visit, the store’s regular customers know that tomorrow or next week—sometime soon—new goods will be on Zara’s shelves. That makes it worth another visit.
Zara relies heavily on store employees for market information. If a customer looks at a sweater and comments, “That would look really nice with a cowl collar,” an employee can relay that information to Spain where managers decide whether or not to proce the suggested item. If they decide to make it, they can put it on the shelf in Toronto in two weeks or less, partly because they ship by air. Ocean shipping would add at least another ten days to the time it takes to get the proct in front of the customer, undermining the speed-to-market and proct variety strategy.
The Role of Logistics
Putting the variety of goods on the shelves in Toronto and other North American stores requires an unusual, though not unique, logistics strategy for the fashion instry. Zara air expresses goods from its single distribution center in Spain, usually in small quantities. In the 1970’s, The Limited used a similar strategy to support its test marketing, air expressing small quantities of new styles from Asia to U.S. stores. In Zara’s strategy, however, the speedy shipments are part of the core strategy, not just test marketing. Zara also ships frequently, allowing lower inventories while serving its multinational market from a single distribution center in Spain.
“We receive shipments o n Tuesday and Saturday, which means that we have different items in the store at least twice a week. While each shipment replenishes items that sell well, each also includes new items. That’s why our customers come in often,” the Toronto store manager said. “We might get ten of one item and five of another. We’re constantly testing.”
The density of Zara’s store locations in Europe helps achieve logistics efficiencies. They can fill trucks for frequent shipment in markets close to proction and ship larger quantities by air to more distant stores. Zara keeps transportation costs low on the supply side, since most of the proction takes place in Spain. This contrasts radically to most large fashion manufacturers, which rely on low cost manufacturing in Asia and South America, but then pay higher inventory costs and move goods to market more slowly.
The air express strategy also allows Zara to maintain a multinational market presence with only one distribution center. They trade higher transportation costs for lower warehousing and inventory costs. Add to this the idea that fast transportation
supports the proct-innovation strategy that is the heart of Zara’s marketing, and the importance of logistics in Zara’s marketing strategy is clear.
The Results and the Future
Zara’s parent company, Inditex, reached $2.7 billion in 2001 revenue. This made it the fastest growing clothing manufacturer in the world. Zara, Inditex’s fastest growing division, turns its inventory twice as fast as major competitors, with an inventory-to-sales of 7% compared to an instry average of 14%. Their profitability in European operations (15%) is fifty percent higher than that of its major competitors. Zara manufactures 80% of its clothing in Europe, with most of the remaining 20% is sourced in Mexico.
While top managers are understandably closed-mouthed about their plans, Zara seems ideally positioned to penetrate the U.S. market in a major way. With some manufacturing already in Mexico, they could easily open a second distribution center aimed directly at the U.S. market. This would make their youth-oriented styles widely available in the world’s most lucrative market.
Question 1 – Zara’s Business Model and Competitive Analysis
Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruña, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara has remained focused on its core fashion philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. In order to realized these results Zara developed a business model that incorporated the following three goals for operations: develop a system the requires short lead times, decrease quantities proced to decrease inventory risk, and increase the number of available styles and/or choice. These goals helped to formulate a unique value proposition: to combine moderate prices with the ability to offer new clothing styles faster than its competitors. These three goals helped to shape Zara’s current business model.
Zara’s Business Model
Zara’s business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara’s fundamental concept is to maintain design, proction, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. José María Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that "the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply can't move fast enough." This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zara’s operations.
Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control over their proction processes keeping design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its proction processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruña headquarters. They have strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and proce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand.
Value drivers for Zara are both tangible and intangible in the benefits that are returned to all stakeholders. Tangibly, Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has 11.02% net margin on operations and their market capitalization (Equity – market value) is
Ⅵ 关于品牌创意策略的文献有哪些
《品牌形象管理》是一本关于品牌创意策略的文献
《品牌形象管理》是2017年12月1日出版在企业管理出版社的一本图书,作者是白杰。
《品牌形象管理》,由经纬互娱创始人白杰提出,为品牌互联网形象塑造提供理论支撑,结合互联性+理念,将品牌形象与品牌营销有效结合。
《品牌形象管理》从互联网视角进行研究,为培育当今品牌互联网化提供理论依据,为品牌形象营销做指导,尤其是为本土品牌公司提升品牌价值提供最直接 有力的证据。
《品牌形象管理》,基于品牌形象三个方面展开论述并提出品牌价值形象识别效应的研究假设;通过预测试以确保品牌价值综合评价量表的可靠性;
具有很大的参考价值。
Ⅶ 品牌营销策略论文有哪些参考文献
我来顶一下。。
Ⅷ 求服装网络营销的有关参考文献
互联网营销 巴巴拉·G·考克斯 Barbara G.Cox 美国%威廉·凯尔泽 William Koelzer 美国
中国劳动社会保障出版回答社 (2006-04出版)
谋断互联网职业:网络建设与营销必备攻略 呈为 中国大陆
电子工业出版社 (2009-03出版)
互联网直销-零成本的E-mail法则 Joe Vitale (美)Jo Han Mo 美
企业管理出版社 (2007-01出版)
网络营销/市场营销系列/工商管理经典译丛 贾帝许·N·谢斯 美%阿普杜勒扎·艾希吉 %巴拉奇·C·克里士南
中国人民大学出版社 (2005-10出版)
网络营销:抢占互联网商机的入门手册(第2版) 屈云波 %靳丽敏 %刘笔剑
企业管理出版社 (2006-12出版)