『壹』 物流英语是什么意思
物流行业涉及的术语如何用地道的英语表达出来，就是物流英语了
没关系，即使你英语非常好，刚进入物流行业，对于相关的英语术语还是要重新学的，因为一般人都没接触过！
『贰』 谁能帮我打到关于电子商务商业模式的外文翻译啊，加分加分
Electronic Commerce
1、 Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, consists of the buying and selling of procts or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade concted electronically has grown extraordinarily since the spread of the Internet. A wide variety of commerce is concted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.A large percentage of electronic commerce is concted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web.Electronic commerce that is concted between businesses is referred to as Business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market).Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.
2、The Advantages of Electronic Commerce
Today, the Internet is reshaping the way business transactions are concted. It is empowering both consumers and business by providing expanding markets and choices to not only national, but also international communities. It enriches competition in provide information and comparative choices.
Buyer looking for the best deals may purchase goods from Singapore, the Hong Kong, Argentina or South Africa. With the Internet, the globalization of commerce has arrived, and both consumers and corporations have more choice to address their personal and corporate purchasing requirements. It raises global trade and global economic growth.
The Internet is a vast new frontier of consumer-to-business and business-to-business commerce. For consumers, Internet-based shopping holds an attraction because of its breadth of coverage and ease of use. For corporations, Internet-based commerce represents an as-yet largely untapped medium for expanding and growing of their business.
Putting up a Web site to promote and display procts, and then luring online shoppers in to look around at the offerings, however, is only one dimension of concting business via the Internet. To realize the true potential of electronic commerce, an effective method of receiving payment for procts sold or delivered through the Internet is a necessity. Developing and implementing effective and simple “cyber payment” methods is a major focus of current Internet-related research. While it is currently possible to make purchases over the Internet, this form of commerce has got yet gained sufficient popularity to deem it a significant factor in foreign trade. Still, it does have potential.
The ability to order and pay for procts over the Internet can revolutionize international trade. It can provide purchasers in one country with access to goods and services from another of which they might otherwise not even be aware.
Since many governments restrict imports of certain procts and regulate advertising and other marketing tools within their national borders, purchasers are often forced to choose from a limited-or even monopolistic-supply of a desired proct. With Internet access, purchasers can scour the world in minutes to find the right proct at the best price.
Until recently, however, supplier used the Internet primarily for advertising purposes. All orders were taken either over the telephone or by mail. While this certainly opened the door and paved the way for Internet commerce, it still required that business be concted through traditional methods. Shopping at these days is easy and convenient with home shopping networks and mail order catalogs. What has been added is Internet shopping. As you surf in the Internet and come across to some vendor’s home page you’ll be able to purchase commodities.
3、The Prospect of Electronic Commerce
While nobody is certain what the future will bring, we do know that the Internet recognizes no national borders. Electronic commerce is global in nature, so the Internet cannot help but to dramatically increase international trade. As trust and security issues are resolved---as they continue to be each day---companies around the world will add the software and hardware tools required to conct their business on-line.
Electronic commerce can only be done if the payment methods are secure and usable. Also possible juridical issues have to be solved before commerce can be done on a global scale.
E-commerce activity over the Internet is currently at a relatively small fraction of what it will become. It is expected to grow almost 15 times from USD 105 billion in 1999 to USD 1.4 trillion by 2003, according to Jupiter Research. This is the Internet demand side of the equation of exchange.
For the supply side, economies of scale take on a whole new meaning. Sellers of goods and services can expect not only local opportunities, but also national and global reach. The Internet expands opportunities to small procers with worthy procts, and thrusts them into competition with their multinational big brothers.
As we can see, the number of people using Internet is increasing by 100% each year. Very soon just plain surfing isn’t going to be enough for them. Internet access providers, service providers, vendors and companies involved in Internet development have to come up with fast, secure, anonymous and easy to use solution to be used by customers, in order to make payments, who want to fully exploit Internet. Internet. The first company the hits global market big time, with application that is accepted by everyone (customers, vendors, official agencies, etc.), is going to be a major player.
When fully implemented, the new technologies will provide users worldwide with numerous benefits for legitimate commerce. How, and to what extent, governments should and must become involved in regulating electronic commerce is an issue that is only now starting to surface.
The ever-changing technology in electronic commerce and the introction of new hardware, software, and service technology forces market participants to quickly and readily adjust their basic business strategies. Companies who want to participate in the worldwide electronic commerce revolution must adapt their electronic commerce service capabilities and proct offerings to the requirements of the electronic commerce marketplace.
简述电子商务
1.电子商务
电子商务，通常被称为电子贸易，包括购买和销售产品或服务通过电子系统，如互联网和其他计算机网络。所进行的贸易总额增长非常电子自互联网的普及。商业种类繁多，以这种方式进行，推动和绘画的创新在电子资金转移，供应链管理，网络营销，在线交易处理，电子数据交换（EDI），存货管理系统，自动数据收集系统。现代电子商务通常使用至少在一些事务的生命周期点的万维网，尽管它可以包括诸如电子的技术更广泛，像电子邮件。电子商务的一个很大比例是完全以电子方式进行，如能够获得优质的虚拟物品在网站上的内容，但大多数电子商务涉及的一些具体物品的运输方式。网上零售商有时被称为网络销售商和网上零售，有时被称为电子尾巴。几乎所有的大型零售商对万维网电子商务存在。电子商务是企业之间进行，被称为企业到企业。企业对企业可以开放给所有有关各方（如商品交换），或仅限于特定的，预审合格的参与者（私营电子市场）。电子商务被普遍认为是销售方面的电子企业。它还包括便利的融资和支付的商业交易方面的数据交换。
2、电子商务的优势
今天，英特网技术的迅速发展，正在引领着交易方式的发展。英特网所提供的丰富的资讯，给市场的双方，不论是商家还是消费者，都提供了更多的可选择的余地。同时，市场的范围也不再局限于国家范围内，不同国家的人们，通过互联网，也可以很方便地进行交易了。
买方可以利用英特网，很方便地购买来自很远地方的东西，比如新加坡，阿根廷、香港或者南非。正是由于英特网的应用，我们才真正地迎来了全球化的时代，无论是买方还是买方，在选择他们的交易对象时，都有了更多的选择，这无疑会大大刺激全球贸易的增长。
无论是C to B方式还是B to C方式，英特网都提供了一个巨大的舞台。对消费者来说，英特网带来的方便和高速，展示了它足够的魅力。而对于商家来说，英特网为他们的商业扩张，提供了一个前所未有的巨大的完全开放的媒介。
虽然，通过在网站，只能展示产品的外观和大小，但这足以吸引那些在线购物者随意地查看和选择。同时，为了发挥电子商务的真实潜能，我们还必须有一个有效的付款和交货模式，来保证买卖双方可以通过英特网顺利和安全地收到货款或货物。如今，人们已经发展除了一种被称为“网际付款”的方式，它使得方便安全的网络交易成为可能。不过，作为一种新兴的商业模式，还需要一个发展和应用的过程，才能充分发挥它的潜力。
全球互联网络甚至可以为一件商品的卖方，联系到一个可能来自一个他们并不知道的国家的买方。电子商务，最终将使整个世界的贸易方式，发生革命性的改变。
由于出于保护本国企业产品的需要，许多政府都对进口产品进行了各种各样的限制，所以买方的选择通常都是有限的，有时候甚至根本就无从选择。而通过英特网，买方就可以在数分钟内，就用最优惠的价格买到满足其要求的世界上最好的产品。
虽然现在，交易者更多地还只是把英特网当作一种广告投放场所，所有地交易流程还只是通过电话或者信件。即使电子商务的大门已经打开，但交易最终仍然离不开一些传统的方式，仍然需要传统交易方式的引导。如今人们已经可以很方便地通过便利连锁店和采用邮购目录的方式，坐在家里完成购物了，但如果再加上因特网，那会是什么情况呢？恐怕连最普通最小地商品，你也可以坐在家里就买到了。
3、电子商务的前景
虽然没有人能判断未来到底会怎样，但我们确实可以判断出来，英特网将给我们带来一个没有国界的世界。因为电子商务的本质就是全球化，所以它就无法不戏剧性地促进国际贸易的发展。比如签订信托和安全协议--他们每天都在继续--全球的公司都将不得不为他们的电脑增加商业软件和硬件工具，以满足在线交易的需要。
只有当付款方式安全方便，电子商务才能成为可能。同样的，可行的统一规则的制定，才能使得电子商务在全球范围内得到大规模的应用。
相对而言，在英特网上的电子商务活动，现在还比较少。但有数据显示，从 1999 年2003，电子商务的贸易量将增长15倍，在1999年，电子商务贸易额为几1050亿美元，而2003则有1.4万亿美元，而这正是网络扩张的结果。
对于卖方来说，经济效益将被赋予全新的意义。货物和服务的卖方能期待的不只是在当地的机会, 同时也是跨越国界的机会。英特网甚至把商业机会扩展到了任何生产有价值产品的小生产者。英特网使来自各个国家的众多商家加入到了竞争的行列中。
正如我们已经看到的那样，使用英特网的人数正在以每年100％的速度增长，而且，很快这个数字就会显得保守了。为了满足那些不断开发英特网潜能的消费者的要求，越来越多的英特网的网路提供者、服务提供者、各厂商和公司被卷到了一起。在英特网上，每家公司都在全球范围的市场中寻找自己的机会，每个人参与者 (客户，厂商，商业中介等等.), 都将成为主角。
现在，这仅仅是开始。当电子商务这项新技术被完全开发的时候，它将为合法的商业提供无法估量的效益。它的使用者无论在世界的哪个地方，也无论是在什么时候，都可以方便地使用它。
随着网络硬件、软件和服务的不断发展，电子商务也将不断地发展，政府应该而且必须把电子商务的管理提上日程，尽快地制定相应的商业规则，引导其健康快速地发展。而那些希望参与到全球电子商务中的公司，就必须尽快地调整自己的战略，使得自己能够提供满足电子商务市场环境下所需要的产品和服务。
『叁』 麻烦各位给些与物流或者物流政策有关的英文文献或者是外文文献的翻译，谢谢
你可以查询Open Access资源，推荐到OA图书馆查询，都是免费的高质量文献。
我帮你找了1篇，更多你可以自己去找
1、Elements for European logistics policy
http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/87995/files/Ministry-of-Finland_Discussion_Paper_2006.pdf
『肆』 求一篇外文翻译 要中英对照的 最好有出处
Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of great moment. The inner workings of our won brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in indivial actions, no matter how aberrant. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.
No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the indivial, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family. When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth, the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. Every child that is born into his group will share them with him, and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.
The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, and some of these propositions have been violently opposed. In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. In all the less controversial fields, like the study of cacti or termites or the mature of nebulae, the necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. In this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say. It is only in the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. In this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization.
Anthropology was by definition impossible, as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people's minds. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief against our neighbour's superstition. It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be ether, our own among the rest.
风俗一般未被认为是什么重要的课题。我们觉得，只有我们大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究，至于风俗呢，只是些司空见惯的行为而已。事实小，情况正好相反。从世界范围来看，传统风俗是由许多细节性的习惯行为组成，它比任何一个养成的行为都更加引人注目，不管个人行为多么异常。这只是问题的一个次要的侧面。最重要的是，风俗在实践中和信仰上所起的举足轻重的作用，以及它所表现出来的极其丰富多采的形式。
没有一个人是用纯洁而无偏见的眼光看待世界。人们所看到的是一个受特定风俗习惯、制度和思想方式剪辑过的世界。甚至在哲学领域的探索中，人们也无法超越这此定型的框框。人们关于真与伪的概念依然和特定的传统风俗有关。约翰.杜威曾经非常严肃地指出：风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用和一个对风俗的任何影响相比，就好像他本国语言的总词汇量和自己咿呀学语时他家庭所接纳的他的词汇量之比。当一个人认真地研究自发形成的社会秩序时，杜威的比喻就是他实事求是观察得来的形象化的说法。个人的生活史首先是适应他的社团世代相传形成的生活方式和准则。从他呱呱坠地的时刻起，他所生于其中的风俗就开始塑造他的经历和行为规范。到会说话时，他就是传统文化塑造的一个小孩子；等他长大了，能做各种事了，他的社团的习惯就是他的习惯，他的社团的信仰就是他的信仰，他的社团不能做的事就是他不能做的事。每一个和他诞生在同一个社团中的孩子和他一样具有相同的风俗；而在地球的另一边。诞生在另一个社团的孩子与他就是少有相同的风俗。没有任何一个社会问题比得上风俗的作用问题更要求我们对它理解。直到我们理解了风俗的规律性和多样性，我们才能明白人为生活中主要的复杂现象。
只有在某些基本的主张被接受下来、同时有些主张被激烈反对时，对风俗的研究才是全面的，才会有收获。首先，任何科学研究都要求人们对可供考虑的诸多因素不能厚此薄彼，偏向某一方面。在一切争议较小的领域里，如对仙人掌、白议或星云性质的研究，应采取的研究方法是。把有关各方面的材料汇集起来，同时注意任何可能出现的异常情况和条件。例如，用这种方法，我们完全掌握了天文学的规律和昆虫群居的习性。只是在对人类自身的研究。只要我们同原始人，我们同野蛮人，我们同异教徒之间存有的区别在人的思想中占主工导地位，那么人类学按其定义来说就无法存在。我们首先需要达到这样一种成熟的程度：不用自己的信仰去反对我们邻居的迷信。必须认识到，这些建立在相同前提基础上的风俗，暂且可以说是超自然的东西，必须放在一起加以考虑，我们自己的风俗和其他民族的风俗都在其中。
（来自新概念英语）
『伍』 急求啊..电子商务主修课程的英文翻译...
电子商务网站建设 building of e-commercial websites
电子商务安全技术 security of e-commerce
多媒体技术应用 Techniques and Applications of Multimedia
项目管理 Project Management
网络金融 e-Finance
商业银行业务管理 Management in Commercial Bank
网络营销 e-Marketing
网络信息系统 Management of information system
商务英语 Commercial communication in English
电子商务与物流管理 e-commerce in managment of supply chain
客户关系管理 Customer relationship managment
经济法 Economy Law
网络技术与应用 internet technique and application
财务管理 Financial management
会计学 Accounting
网页设计与制作 design and development in webpages
数据库管理与应用 database management and application
条码技术 Barcode technique
管理学 Management
『陆』 电子商务 物流 翻译成英语是什么词
电子商务 e-Commerce
物流 Logistical
『柒』 电子商务 外文翻译
Basic concepts
什么是电子商务呢，说白了就是电子是手段，商务是目的。 What is e-commerce it, saying that white is the Electronics is a means, business is the goal. 电子商务，英文是Electronic Commerce，简称EC。 E-commerce, English is the Electronic Commerce, referred to as EC. 电子商务涵盖 E-commerce covers 的范围很广，一般可分为企业对企业(Business-to-Business)，或企业对消费者(Business-to-Customer)两种。 A wide range, generally can be divided into business to business (Business-to-Business), or business to consumers (Business-to-Customer) two kinds. 另外还有消费者对消费者（Customer-to-Customer)这种大步增长的模式。 There are also consumers of consumers (Customer-to-Customer) such a big growth pattern. 随着国内Internet使用人数的增加，利用Internet进行网络购物并以银行卡付款的消费方式已渐流行，市场份额也在迅速增长， 电子商务网站也层出不穷。 With the increase in the number of domestic Internet use, using Internet for online shopping and bank card payment has graally popular consumption patterns, market share is rapidly growing e-commerce sites are endless. 电子商务最常见之安全机制有SSL(安全套接层协议）及SET( 安全电子交易协议 ）两种。 The most common security mechanism for e-commerce have SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) two kinds.
定义： Definition:
广义上指使用各种电子工具从事商务或活动。 The broad sense refers to the use of electronic tools for business or activities. 这些工具包括从初级的电报、电话、广播、电视、传真到计算机、 计算机网络 ，到NII（国家信息基础结构－信息高速公路）、GII（全球信息基础结构）和Internet等现代系统。 These tools range from elementary telegraph, telephone, radio, television, fax, computer, computer network, to the NII (National Information Infrastructure - Information Highway), GII (Global Information Infrastructure) and the Internet and other modern systems. 而商务活动是从泛商品（实物与非实物，商品与非商品化的生产要素等等）的需求活动到泛商品的合理、合法的消费除去典型的生产过程后的所有活动。 The commercial activities are concted from the Pan-goods (physical and non-physical, non-commercialization of goods and factors of proction, etc.) activities to the needs of the Pan-goods, a reasonable, legitimate consumer to remove the typical post-proction process of all activities. 狭义上指利用Internet从事商务或活动。 A narrow sense, refers to the use of Internet for business or activities.
【网络营销和电子商务】 【Internet marketing and e-commerce】
从时间上来讲，电子商务概念的出现要早于网络营销。 From the time of speaking, e-commerce earlier than the emergence of the concept of network marketing.
电子商务最早产生于上个世纪60年代,90年代得到长足发展。 E-commerce originated in the last century 60's, 90's by leaps and bounds. 电子商务产生和发展的重要条件主要是: 计算机的广泛应用。 And development of e-commerce, an important condition for mainly the following: extensive use of computers. 而网络营销是随着现代科学技术的发展、消费者价值观的变革与日趋激烈的市场竞争等诸多因素,出现并迅速崛起的，网络营销发展的最重要条件是：消费者价值观念的变革。 Along with the network marketing is the development of modern science and technology, consumer values change and the increasingly fierce market competition, and many other factors, emerged and rapidly growing, Internet marketing, the development of the most important conditions are: changes in consumer values.
从字面意义上讲，网络营销概念要比电子商务大。 From the literal sense, the concept of network marketing than the big e-commerce.
电子商务通常是指是在广泛的商业贸易活动中，在因特网开放的网络环境下，买卖双方不相谋面的情况下，实现交易达成的一种新型的商业运营模式，讲求的是在网络销售中获得商业盈利。 E-commerce generally refers to commercial trade in a wide range of activities, on the Internet an open network environment, buyers and sellers are not known one another for the case of phase to achieve the deal of a new business model, and stress is that in online sales in the access to commercial profit. 网络营销(cyber marketing),是指借助联机网络,电脑通讯和数字交互式媒体来实现的一种营销方式，讲求的是与目标人群的网络互动。 Internet Marketing (cyber marketing), refers to the use of online networks, computer communications and digital interactive media to achieve a kind of marketing, emphasizes that the network of interactions with the target population.
从包含的各个体系来说，网络营销和电子商务是交叉存在的。 From the various systems contained in it, network marketing and e-commerce is a cross-exist.
电子商务涵盖的范围很广，一般可分为B2B、B2C、 C2C、B2M四类电子商务模式。 Covers a wide range of e-commerce in general can be divided into B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M four categories of e-business models. 其中企业对企业(Business-to-Business)，和企业对消费者(Business-to- Consumer)两种发展最早，另外还有消费者对消费者（Consumer-to-Consumer)这种大步增长的模式。 Including business to business (Business-to-Business), and business to consumer (Business-to-Consumer) two kinds of the earliest to develop, in addition to consumers for consumers (Consumer-to-Consumer) growth of this step模式. 网络营销包含网络调研 、 网络广告 、 网络公关 、整合营销、seo、sem等内容，每个内容都可以单独或者整合应用到电子商务中去。 Internet Marketing includes Internet research, online advertising, Internet public relations, integrated marketing, seo, sem and other content, each content can be applied alone or integrated into the e-commerce to go. 同样电子商务也离不开这些网络营销手段。 The same e-commerce marketing tool is also inseparable from these networks. 加100分行忙,我尽力了.
『捌』 电子商务的英文翻译
电子商抄务的英文翻译有：Electronic Commerce; Electronic Business; E-commerce几种。
电子商袭务是以信息网络技术为手段，以商品交换为中心的商务活动；也可理解为在互联网（Internet）、企业内部网（Intranet）和增值网（VAN，Value Added Network）上以电子交易方式进行交易活动和相关服务的活动，是传统商业活动各环节的电子化、网络化、信息化。
『玖』 高分急求一篇物流外文翻译3000字以上好的可加分！！！
物流
开放分类： 物流、电子商务、定义、流程
目录
• 【物流的概念】
• 【物流的来源】
• 【物流的划分】
• 【现代物流】
• 【电子商务物流】
• 【物流速度】
• 【世界物流企业50强】
物流管理（Logistics Management）
物流管理的定义
物流管理（Logistics Management）是指在社会再生产过程中，根据物质资料实体流动的规律，应用管理的基本原理和科学方法，对物流活动进行计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督，使各项物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合，以降低物流成本，提高物流效率和经济效益。现代物流管理是建立在系统论、信息论和控制论的基础上的。
物流管理主要有4个特点
（1）以实现客户满意为第一目标；
（2）以企业整体最优为目的；
（3）以信息为中心；
（4）重效率更重效果。
实施物流管理的目的
实施物流管理的目的就是要在尽可能最低的总成本条件下实现既定的客户服务水平，即寻求服务优势和成本优势的一种动态平衡，并由此创造企业在竞争中的战略优势。根据这个目标，物流管理要解决的基本问题，简单地说，就是把合适的产品以合适的数量和合适的价格在合适的时间和合适的地点提供给客户。
物流管理强调运用系统方法解决问题。现代物流通常被认为是由运输、存储、包装、装卸、流通加工、配送和信息诸环节构成。各环节原本都有各自的功能、利益和观念。系统方法就是利用现代管理方法和现代技术，使各个环节共享总体信息，把所有环节作为一个一体化的系统来进行组织和管理，以使系统能够在尽可能低的总成本条件下，提供有竞争优势的客户服务。系统方法认为，系统的效益并不是它们各个局部环节效益的简单相加。系统方法意味着，对于出现的某一个方面的问题，要对全部的影响因素进行分析和评价。从这一思想出发，物流系统并不简单地追求在各个环节上各自的最低成本，因为物流各环节的效益之间存在相互影响、相互制约的倾向，存在着交替易损的关系。比如过分强调包装材料的节约，就可能因其易于破损造成运输和装卸费用的上升。因此，系统方法强调要进行总成本分析，以及避免次佳效应和成本权衡应用的分析，以达到总成本最低，同时满足既定的客户服务水平的目的。
物流管理的发展经历
物流管理的发展经历了配送管理、物流管理和供应链管理3个层次。物流管理起源于第二次世界大战中军队输送物资装备所发展出来的储运模式和技术。在战后这些技术被广泛应用于工业界，并极大地提高了企业的运作效率，为企业赢得更多客户。当时的物流管理主要针对企业的配送部分，即在成品生产出来后，如何快速而高效地经过配送中心把产品送达客户，并尽可能维持最低的库存量。美国物流管理协会那时叫做实物配送管理协会，而加拿大供应链与物流管理协会则叫做加拿大实物配送管理协会。在这个初级阶段，物流管理只是在既定数量的成品生产出来后，被动地去迎合客户需求，将产品运到客户指定的地点，并在运输的领域内去实现资源最优化使用，合理设置各配送中心的库存量。准确地说，这个阶段物流管理并未真正出现，有的只是运输管理、仓储管理和库存管理。物流经理的职位当时也不存在，有的只是运输经理或仓库经理。
现代意义上的物流管理出现在20世纪80年代。人们发现利用跨职能的流程管理的方式去观察、分析和解决企业经营中的问题非常有效。通过分析物料从原材料运到工厂，流经生产线上每个工作站，产出成品，再运送到配送中心，最后交付给客户的整个流通过程，企业可以消除很多看似高效率却实际上降低了整体效率的局部优化行为。因为每个职能部门都想尽可能地利用其产能，没有留下任何富余，一旦需求增加，则处处成为瓶颈，导致整个流程的中断。又比如运输部作为一个独立的职能部门，总是想方设法降低其运输成本，但若其因此而将一笔必须加快的订单交付海运而不是空运，这虽然省下了运费，却失去了客户，导致整体的失利。所以传统的垂直职能管理已不适应现代大规模工业化生产，而横向的物流管理却可以综合管理每一个流程上的不同职能，以取得整体最优化的协同作用。
在这个阶段，物流管理的范围扩展到除运输外的需求预测、采购、生产计划、存货管理、配送与客户服务等，以系统化管理企业的运作，达到整体效益的最大化。高德拉特所著的《目标》一书风靡全球制造业界，其精髓就是从生产流程的角度来管理生产。相应地，美国实物配送管理协会在20世纪80年代中期改名为美国物流管理协会，而加拿大实物配送管理协会则在1992年改名为加拿大物流管理协会。
一个典型的制造企业，其需求预测、原材料采购和运输环节通常叫做进向物流，原材料在工厂内部工序间的流通环节叫做生产物流，而配送与客户服务环节叫做出向物流。物流管理的关键则是系统管理从原材料、在制品到成品的整个流程，以保证在最低的存货条件下，物料畅通的买进、运入、加工、运出并交付到客户手中。对于有着高效物流管理的企业的股东而言，这意味着以最少的资本做出最大的生意，产生最大的投资回报。
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Logistics
Open Category: logistics, electronic commerce, the definition of process
Contents
• The concept of logistics []
• [the source of logistics --
• [of] the logistics
• Modern Logistics []
• [e-commerce logistics:
• Logistics [speed]
• logistics enterprises in the world [50]
Logistics Management (Logistics Management)
The definition of logistics management
Logistics Management (Logistics Management) is in the process of social reproction, according to the material flow of information entities, the application of the basic principles of management and the scientific method, the logistics activities of planning, organization, command, coordination, control and supervision, so that all Logistics activities to achieve the best possible coordination and cooperation in order to rece logistics costs and enhance logistics efficiency and economic benefits. Modern logistics management system is built on the theory, information theory, cybernetics and on the basis of.
Logistics Management has four major characteristics of
(1) in order to achieve customer satisfaction as the first target;
(2) to enterprises as a whole for the purpose of optimal;
(3) with information as the center;
(4) more emphasis on efficient results.
The purpose of the implementation of logistics management
The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right procts to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.
Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer service purposes.
The development of logistics management experience
The development of logistics management has experienced distribution management, logistics management and supply chain management three levels. Logistics management originated in World War II military transport supplies and equipment developed by the storage and transportation modes and technologies. After the war, these technologies are widely used in instry, and greatly improve the operational efficiency of enterprises, for enterprises to win more customers. At that time, logistics management, aimed at the distribution of the finished proct that is proced, how quickly and efficiently through distribution centers to serve customers procts, and as far as possible to maintain a minimum inventory. Logistics Management Association of the United States at that time called the Physical Distribution Management Association and the Canadian supply chain and logistics management is called the Canadian Association of Physical Distribution Management Association. In this initial stage, logistics management is the established number of procts proced by, passively to meet the needs of customers, procts will be transported to the designated locations, and in the areas of transport to achieve the most optimal use of resources, a reasonable set of distribution Center inventory. Rather, this stage of logistics management has not really there, there are only transportation management, warehousing management and inventory management. Logistics manager positions do not exist at that time, there are only the manager or warehouse manager.
Modern sense of logistics management in the 1980s. People find that the use of cross-functional process management approach to observe, analyze and solve business problems in the very effective. By analyzing the material from raw materials shipped to factories and proction lines running through each workstation, proct output, and then transported to distribution centers, the final delivery to customers throughout the circulation process, enterprises can eliminate a lot of high-efficiency appears to have actually reced Optimize the overall efficiency of the local acts. Because everyone wants to functional departments as far as possible use of its capacity, left no surplus, once the increased demand, everywhere a bottleneck, resulting in the suspension of the entire process. For instance the Ministry of Transport as a separate functional departments, always trying to rece their transport costs, but its result will be a need to speed up the delivery of orders rather than shipping by air, although this saved the freight, it lost customers, resulting in The overall loss. Therefore, the traditional vertical management functions no longer suited to modern large-scale instrial proction, and horizontal logistics management can be integrated management of each process on the different functions, in order to get the overall optimization of synergies.
At this stage, to expand the scope of logistics management in addition to transport, the demand forecasts, procurement, proction planning, inventory management, distribution and customer service, so as to systematic management of the operation of enterprises, to maximize the overall efficiency. Goldratt's The "goal" in a sweep of the global manufacturing instry, its essence is from the perspective of the proction process to manage the proction. Accordingly, the Physical Distribution Management Association of the United States in the mid-1980s changed its name to the United States Logistics Management Association, Canada and the Physical Distribution Management Association in 1992 changed its name to the Canadian Association of Logistics Management.
A typical manufacturing enterprise, its demand forecasts, purchase of raw materials and transport links are usually called into the logistics and raw materials in the factory internal processes called the link between the flow of proction logistics, distribution and customer service and called out to the logistics aspect. Logistics management is the key systems management from raw materials, finished procts to the entire process to ensure that the lowest inventory conditions, the flow of buying materials, imported, processed, shipped out and delivered to the customer. For a highly efficient logistics management companies shareholders, this means that the capital to at least make the most of the business, proce the greatest return on investment.
State Net: If we think of this term improperly also criticized the local welcome correction.
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『拾』 电子商务 物流 翻译成英语是什么词
电子商务: E-business
物流: Logistic