❶ 有關網球的全英語介紹
Tennis (tennis) is a beautiful and vigorous campaign, the sport's origin and development can be summed up in four sentences: bred in France, was born in the United Kingdom, and the popularity of the beginning of the formation of a climax in the United States, now popular around the world, said For the world's second largest ball games. Modern tennis in general, including indoor and outdoor tennis tennis in two forms. Tennis originated 12-13 century French missionaries in the church corridors in the palm of your hand with a ball game. The court later became an indoor entertainment and recreational activities. It was also suggested that tennis should be traced back to the origin of "the Hundred Years War" (1337 ~ 1453 war between Britain and France) in France before the spread of a civil Mingjiaohaiou de Wumai the ball game. It is said that this game is for two people, each one armed racket, golf course around the walled, the ball hit the wall after the bomb went back and then over the net. As a result, in terms of the use of space and equipment, or the conct of the games approach, with modern sport, there are many similarities, so it was regarded as the sport's original shape. By the mid-14th century, France, a poet, this ball game introced to the French court, as the noble men and women of the royal family entertainment. At that time, to play this game, is the site of the palace hall, there is no net and no rackets, the balls are rolled with a cloth after the round tied with a rope into the. Site set up in the middle of a rope for the community, to use two hands to make a racket, throw the ball from the ropes to throw, called the French Tennez, English is called "Takeit! Play", which means: "seize! Lost in the past," today "Tennis (Tennis)" the phrase that comes from this. Soon, the wooden racket was used in place of two-handed tap. In the early 16th century, the game ball by the French people, out of curiosity began to follow the example, quickly spread to major cities and at the same time to improve the equipment. To create a more rable ball, beat parchment sheet read by the board, making surface area to enlarge, grip the handles are longer. Space in the middle of the rope to increase the numerous short rope to the ground dropped the ball from the rope through the following can be clearly found. France's King Louis was later banned, and that it is the prerogative of the court in the game. In the early 17th century, the site is no longer in the middle rope curtain, and the use of small sub-grid network, the network's role better than the curtain, beat the network to switch to threading film, flexible and lightweight convenience. In court in France for this game, next to the stadium to place a golden container, after each game, the audience will be after the money invested, as the winner of the prize. This approach is intended well at first, then graally evolved into a kind of gambling. The number is still small at the start, the more time goes by the bigger gamble, even to go bankrupt, therefore, the dispute after another, the King of France was banned for such a game again, and this is tennis in the early 18th century, the main reason for the decline.
In about 1358 to 1360, this ball game spread to France from Britain. Britain's King Edward III of particular interest to have ordered the construction of a palace in the indoor stadium. Since then, the beginning of tennis popular in the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom to become a kind of upper class entertainment, there is a "noble sport" Blair said. This period is mainly popular indoor tennis. Until September 29, 1793, the United Kingdom in a "sport" magazine, only the "tennis venue", it is called.
Modern history of the sport in general from the beginning of 1873. That year, British沃爾特克洛Compton Winfield early to improve the tennis game, make it a summer on the lawn for a sports and the name "lawn tennis." In the same year also published a "lawn tennis" has been published on such activities to publicize and promote themselves. So Winfield referred to as "the founder of modern tennis." Since then, tennis has become an indoor, outdoor sports can be carried out. At the same time, the British set up around the tennis club. In 1875 and established the All England Tennis Club. The club built the world's first tennis court, and in 1877 organized the All England Lawn Tennis Championships men's singles, that was world-famous Wimbledon tennis tournament. Tennis to carry out a wide range of activities and competitions have become increasingly frequent, there is no uniform rules, of course, is not acceptable. So in 1876, and in some areas by well-known tennis clubs to send their representatives to attend meetings to discuss research and the development of an all-British unification of the rules of tennis. After several rounds of consultations, the parties finally on behalf of the sport venues, equipment, and play games and so on has made consistent, and the formation of a unified rule. In about 1878, most of the British tennis club have graally carried out in accordance with the new play, for training and competition.
In 1874, Bermuda vacation Maliaote President of the United States in the bridge to watch the British officers of tennis, this sport interesting, so will the rules of tennis, tennis and taken to the net to shoot in New York. In the United States, the sport was first in the eastern part of the school carried out, and soon spread to Central, Western, which has been popular in the United States. At this time the sport has evolved from the grass in the sand, cement floor, held tar game on the ground, the "tennis (Tennis)" to graally substitute the name "lawn tennis (LawnTennis)" name, which is Today, tennis (Tennis) the origin of the name.
Modern tennis initial stage of the women are often excluded on the grounds that the sport is not suitable for women. At the same time that women's participation in the sport, indecent. Therefore, early tennis tournament with only two men's singles and doubles, women's tennis is not set up the project. However, a number of female athletes not only have the courage to break through public opinion and to obstruct the family, and the technical level of some of the more than men. In some informal singles matches often occur on one side are the men, on the other side is the female players. This forced some of the tennis club had to get rid of the ban to allow women to participate in this campaign. So from the beginning of 1879 the birth of a mixed race, the women's own efforts.
In 1878, the first men's doubles championships to be held in England. In 1879, the first women's singles and mixed doubles matches to be held in Ireland. In 1884, an increase of Wimbledon women's singles and men's doubles championship. 1913 also increased women's doubles and mixed doubles championships.
In 1881, there have been the world's first national tennis association, the United States National Lawn Tennis Association ( "National" should be canceled in 1920). The year will be from August 31 to September 3, in Newport, Rhode Island in Hong Kong held its first session of the United States Lawn Tennis men's singles and men's doubles championship, the use of the Wimbledon tournament rules, to participate in the competition's 26 People.
U.S. Chairman of the National Network of grassland and the United States men's singles champion Dwight Sears, also participated in the first Wimbledon Championships overseas athletes.
In 1887, held the United States Lawn Tennis Championships women's singles, women's doubles and mixed doubles respectively at the beginning of 1890 and 1892.
In 1891, France held the first men's singles and men's doubles championship, the participants limited to citizens of France, women's singles began in 1897.
In 1900, the 21-year-old American tennis player Davis, in order to promote the development of modern tennis, donated a gold in the village of large silver bowl, known as the Davis Cup. It later became the highest international prestige tennis men's team championship trophy of a permanent flow. The annual championship team and the team's name engraved on the Cup, when in 1920 the name of Keman, Davis also donated a box pad, after the addition of two pallets.
In 1904, Australia Lawn Tennis Association and in 1905 began hosting the tournament in Australia, set the men's singles, men's doubles of the two projects. 1922 also increased women's singles, women's doubles and three mixed doubles. France Tennis Championships, Wimbledon Championships Britain, the United States and Australia Tennis Championships tennis tournament together the world's most prestigious "Grand Slam" tennis tournament. Any one player or group of players doubles in the same season, won four championship titles, will be "grand slam" winner of the honor.
March 1, 1913, from 12 countries such as Australia's tennis association representatives, was set up in Paris, the International Tennis Federation (ITF), to coordinate the activities of the International Tennis arranged schele of matches throughout the year, amendments to the rules of tennis and oversee its implementation . In 1919, drawing a "seed". In 1927, Britain's first seamless tennis, so that the ball speed up. In 1945 to 60 years, tended to professional tennis. In 1963 launched the women's team event - the Federation Cup. 1968 Wimbledon first practice is not to distinguish between amateur and professional athletes participating in the system. In 1972, the international men's professional tennis players Association. In 1973, the International Women's Tennis Association.
In 1896 in Athens, held the first modern Olympic Games, tennis men's singles and doubles is listed as an official event. Later, as the International Olympic Committee and the International Tennis Federation in the "amateur athlete" on the issue of differences has been going on for the seventh consecutive Olympic tennis event has been canceled. Until the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, tennis was as performances. To the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, tennis was re-classified as an official event.
As the most primitive origins of the sport is on the court, so the points system materials is understandable. They can take the clock struck to score, each will have a clock at a quarter turn, is 15 points (a quarter, minute), the same token, a clock will be set aside two hours to 30 hours Of course, all of them are based on convenience. That's 15 points, 30 points of origin.
As for the 40 minutes, compared with its strange, it is not a multiple of 15. This is because in English, read for 15 minutes "fifteen", for the two-syllable, and read for 30 minutes "thirty", is also a two-syllable; but 45 hours to study English as "forty-five", turned into three Syllable, when the British feel a bit hard to pronounce, is not in line with the "convenience", then put it into the same for the two-syllable of the 40 (forty). This is what it seems illogical and 40 minutes of the origin.
Although this method of calculation and it seems a little odd, but still follow the traditional use ever since, after all, we all have become accustomed to this method of calculation from the court.
原文:網球(tennis)是一項優美而激烈的運動,網球運動的由來和發展可以用四句話來概括:孕育在法國,誕生在英國,開始普及和形成高潮在美國,現在盛行全世界,被稱為世界第二大球類運動。現代網球運動一般包括室內網球和室外網球兩種形式。網球運動最早起源於12至13世紀法國傳教士在教堂迴廊里用手掌擊球的一種游戲。後來成為宮廷里的一種室內消遣娛樂活動。也有人認為,網球運動的起源應追溯到「百年戰爭」(1337年~1453年英法兩國戰爭)以前在法國民間流傳的一種名叫海歐·德·巴烏麥的球類游戲。據說這種游戲是兩個人進行的,每人各執一個球拍,球場的周圍築有圍牆,球撞到牆上後被彈回去,而後過網。因此,無論從使用的場地和器具上,還是從進行游戲的方法上,它與現代網球運動都有許多相似之處,所以有人把它看作是網球運動的原初形態。到了14世紀中葉,法國的一位詩人把這種球類游戲介紹到法國宮廷中,作為皇室貴族男女的消遣。當時玩這種游戲,場地是宮廷內的大廳,沒有網也沒有球拍,球是用布捲成圓形後用繩子綁成的。場地中間架起一條繩子為界,利用兩手作球拍,把球從繩上丟來丟去,法語叫作Tennez,英語叫作「Takeit!Play」,意即:「抓住!丟過去」,今天「網球(Tennis)」一語即來源於此。不久,木板的球拍被用來代替兩手拍球。16世紀初,這項球類游戲被法國國民發現,出於好奇心開始仿效,很快地傳播到各大城市,同時改良了用具。球製造得比較耐用,拍子由木板改為羊皮紙板,拍面面積放大,握把的柄也加長。場地中間的繩子,增加無數短繩子向地面垂下,球從繩子下面經過時,可以明顯地發覺。後來被法國國王路易斯下令禁止,並規定這是宮廷中的特權游戲。17世紀初,場地中間不再用繩簾,而改用小方格網子,網比簾的作用更好,拍子改用穿線的網拍,富有彈性而且輕巧方便。在法國宮廷中作這種游戲時,球場旁邊放置一隻金色容器,每次比賽完畢後,觀眾將金錢投入盤中,作為勝利者的獎品。這種方法起初的用意很好,後來漸漸演變成為一種賭博。開始時數目尚小,久而久之越賭越大,甚至有人因此傾家盪產,於是糾紛迭起,法國國王遂下令禁止再作此種游戲,這就是18世紀初期網球衰敗的主要原因。
大約在1358年~1360年間,這種球類游戲從法國傳到了英國。英國國王愛德華三世對此特別感興趣,下令在宮內建造一處室內球場。從此,網球開始在英國流行,成為英國上層社會的一種娛樂活動,所以有「貴族運動」之雅稱。這期間流行的主要是室內網球。直到1793年9月29日,在英國的一份《體育運動》雜志上,才有了「場地網球」的叫法。
現代網球運動的歷史一般是從1873年開始的。那年,英國人沃爾特·克洛普頓·溫菲爾德將早期的網球打法加以改進,使之成為夏天在草坪上進行的一種體育活動,並取名「草地網球」。同年還出版了一本以《草地網球》為題的小冊子,對這種活動進行宣傳和推廣。所以溫菲爾德被稱為「近代網球的創始人」。此後網球便成為一項室內、戶外都能進行的體育項目。同時在英國各地建立網球運動俱樂部。1875年又建立了全英網球運動俱樂部。這個俱樂部建造了世界上的第一個網球場地,並於1877年舉辦了全英草地網球男子單打錦標賽,即後來聞名於世的溫布爾登網球賽。網球運動的廣泛開展和比賽活動的日益頻繁,沒有統一的規則當然是不行的。於是在1876年,由一些地區的著名網球運動俱樂部派出代表,一起開會研究和討論制定一個全英統一的網球規則。經過多次協商,各方代表終於對網球運動的場地、設備、打法和比賽等方面取得了一致的意見,並形成了一個統一的規則。大約在1878年以後,英國大多數網球俱樂部都逐漸按照新的打法開展活動,進行訓練和比賽。
1874年,在百慕大度假的美國女士瑪麗·奧特布里奇在觀看了英國軍官的網球比賽後,對這項體育活動頗感興趣,於是將網球規則、網拍和網球帶到紐約。在美國,網球運動最初是在東部各學校中開展的,不久就傳到中部、西部,進而在全美得到普及。此時網球運動已經由草地上演變到可以在沙土上、水泥地上、柏油地上舉行比賽,於是「網球(Tennis)」的名稱就慢慢替代了「草地網球(LawnTennis)」的名稱,這是我們今天網球(Tennis)名稱的由來。
現代網球運動開展的初期,婦女常被排斥在外,其理由是網球運動不適合於婦女。同時認為婦女參加網球運動,有傷風化。因此早期的網球比賽只設有男子單打和雙打兩項,不設女子網球項目。但是一些女選手不僅敢於沖破社會輿論和家庭的阻撓,而且技術水平有的還超過了男選手。在一些非正規的單打比賽中常常出現一邊是男選手、另一邊是女選手的情況。這才迫使一些網球俱樂部不得不破除這一禁令,允許婦女參加這一運動。所以從1879年開始誕生了男女混合雙打比賽,這是婦女自身努力奮斗的結果。
1878年,第一次男子雙打錦標賽在英格蘭舉行。1879年,第一次女子單打和混合雙打比賽在愛爾蘭舉行。1884年,溫布爾登增加了女子單打和男子雙打錦標賽。1913年又增加了女雙和混雙錦標賽。
1881年,世界上出現了第一個全國性的網球協會,即美國全國草地網球協會(「全國」兩字於1920年取消)。該會於當年8月31日至9月3日,在羅得島紐波特港舉行第一屆美國草地網球男子單打和男子雙打錦標賽,採用了溫布爾登的比賽規則,參加比賽的有26人。
美國全國草地網協主席德懷特和美國男單冠軍西爾斯,也是最早參加溫布爾登錦標賽的海外運動員。
1887年,開始舉行美國草地網球女子單打錦標賽,女子雙打和混合雙打分別開始於1890年和1892年。
1891年,法國首次舉行男子單打和男子雙打錦標賽,參加者限於法國公民,女子單打始於1897年。
1900年,21歲的美國網球運動員戴維斯,為了推動現代網球運動的發展,捐贈了一隻黃金村裡的純銀大缽,名為戴維斯杯。它後來成為國際網壇聲望最高的男子團體錦標賽的永久性的流動獎杯。每年的冠軍隊和隊員的名字刻在杯上,當1920年刻滿名字後,戴維斯又捐贈了一隻墊盒,以後又增添了兩只托盤。
1904年,澳大利亞草地網球協會成立,並於1905年開始主辦澳大利亞錦標賽,設男子單打、男子雙打兩個項目。1922年又增加了女子單打、女子雙打和混合雙打三項。法國網球錦標賽、英國溫布爾登網球錦標賽、美國網球錦標賽和澳大利亞網球錦標賽合在一起是世界上最有聲望的「大滿貫」網球錦標賽。任何一名選手或一組雙打選手能在同一賽季中,贏得這四個錦標賽的冠軍時,便獲得「大滿貫」優勝者的榮譽。
1913年3月1日,由澳大利亞等12個國家的網球協會代表,在巴黎成立了國際網球聯合會(ITF),協調國際網球活動,安排全年比賽日程表,修訂網球規則並監督它的執行。 1919年,抽簽採用「種子」制度。1927年,英國首創無縫網球,使球速加快。1945年至60年代,網球趨向職業化。1963年開始舉辦女子團體賽——聯合會杯賽。1968年溫布爾登首先實行不區分業余選手和職業選手的參賽制度。1972年,國際男子職業網球選手協會成立。1973年,國際女子網球協會成立。
1896年在雅典舉行的現代第一屆奧運會上,網球的男子單打與雙打被列為正式比賽項目。後來,由於國際奧委會和國際網球聯合會在「業余運動員」問題上有分歧,已經進行了連續七屆的奧運會網球比賽項目被取消。直到1984年的洛杉礬奧運會上,網球才被列為表演項目。到1988年的漢城奧運會上,網球重新被列為正式比賽項目。
因為最原始的網球運動是起源於宮廷之中,所以計分方法就地取材是可以理解的。他們拿可以撥動的時鍾來計分,每得一次分就將時鍾轉動四分之一,也就是15分(a quarter,一刻),同理,得兩次分就將時鍾撥至30分,當然一切都是以他們的方便為基礎。這就是15分、30分的由來。
至於40分,它比較怪異,它不是15的倍數。這是因為在英文中,15分念作"fifteen",為雙音節,而30分念作"thirty",也是雙音節;但是45分,英文念作"forty-five",變成了三個音節,當時著英國人覺得有點拗口,也不符合"方便"的原則,於是就把它改成同為雙音節的40分(forty)。這就是看來不合邏輯的40分的由來。
雖然這樣的計分方法看來有些奇怪,但還是依循傳統沿用至今,畢竟大家都已經習慣了這種來自宮廷的計分方法。
❷ 網球中為什麼分數是15,30,40和Ad,都是什麼含義啊,是不是跟網球的發明有關。
最原始的網球運動是起源於英國宮廷之中,他們拿可以撥動的時鍾來計分,每得一次分就將時鍾轉動四分之一,也就是15分 (a quarter,一刻),同理,得兩次分就將時鍾撥至30分,當然一切都是以他們的方便為基礎。這就是15分、30分的由來。
40分,這是因為在英文中,15分念作"fifteen",為雙音節,而30分念作"thirty",也是雙音節;但是45分,英文念作"forty-five",變成了三個音節,當時著英國人覺得有點拗口,也不符合方便的原則,於是就把它改成同為雙音節的40分(forty)。這就是40分的由來。
(2)網球宣傳冊擴展閱讀:
現代網球運動的歷史一般是從1873年開始的。那年,英國人沃爾特·克洛普頓·溫菲爾德將早期的網球打法加以改進,使之成為夏天在草坪上進行的一種體育活動,並取名「草地網球」。
同年還出版了一本以《草地網球》為題的小冊子,對這種活動進行宣傳和推廣。所以溫菲爾德被稱為「近代網球的創始人」。
此後網球便成為一項室內、戶外都能進行的體育項目。同時在英國各地建立網球運動俱樂部。1875年又建立了全英網球運動俱樂部。這個俱樂部建造了世界上的第一個網球場地,並於1877年舉辦了全英草地網球男子單打錦標賽,即後來聞名於世的溫布爾登網球賽。
❸ 關於網球基本知識及比賽規則經驗等
網球比賽規則
基本規則
一)發球
1.發球前的規定
發球員在發球前應先站在端線後、中點和邊線的假定延長線之間的區域里,用手將球向空中任何方向拋起,在球接觸地面以前,用球拍擊
球(僅能用一隻手的運動員,可用球拍將球拋起)。球拍與球接觸時,就算完成球的發送。
2.發球時的規定
發球員在整個發球動作中,不得通過行走或跑動改變原站的位置,兩腳只准站在規定位置,不得觸及其他區域。
3.發球員的位置
(1)每局開始,先從右區端線後發球,得或失一分後,應換到左區發球。
(2)發出的球應從網上越過,落到對角的對方發球區內,或其周圍的線上
4.發球失誤
未擊中球;發出的球,在落地前觸及固定物(球網、中心帶和網邊白布除外);違反發球站位規定。 發球員第一次發球失誤後,應在原發位置上進行第二次發球。
5.發球無效
發球觸網後,仍然落到對方發球區內,接球員未作好接球准備;均應重發球。
6.交換發球
第一局比賽終了,接球員成為發球員,發球成為接球。以後每局終了。均依次互相交換,直至比賽結束。
(二)通則
1.交換場地
雙方應在每盤的第1、3、5等單數局結束後,以及每盤結束雙方局數之和為單數時,交換場地。
2.失分
發生下列任何一種情況,均判失分。
(1)在球第二次著地前,未能還擊過網。
(2)還擊的球觸及對方場區界線以外的地面、固定物或其他物件。
(3)還擊空中球失敗。
(4)故意用球拍觸球超過一次。
(5)運動員的身體、球拍,在發球期間觸及球網。
(6)過網擊球。
(7)拋拍擊球
3.壓線球
落在線上的球都算界內球。
(三)雙打
1.雙打發球次序
每盤第一局開始時,由發球方決定由何人首先發球,對方則同樣地在第2局開始時,決定由何人首先發球。 第3局由第1局發球方的另一球
員發球。第4局由第2局發球主的另一球員發球。以下各局均按此序秩發球。
2.雙打接球次序
先接球的一方,應在第1局開始時,決定何人先接發球,並在這盤
單數局,繼續先接發球。雙方同樣應在第2局開始時,決定何人接發球,並在這盤雙數局繼續先接發球。他們的同伴應在每局中輪流接發球。
3.雙打還擊
接發球後,雙方應輪流由其中任何一名隊員還擊。如運動員在其同隊隊員擊球後,再以球拍觸球,則判對方得分。
(四)計分方法
1.勝1局
(1)每勝1球得1分,先勝4分者勝1局。
(2)雙方各得3分時為「平分」,平分後,凈勝兩分為勝1局。
2.勝1盤
(1)一方先勝6局為勝1盤。
(2)雙方各勝5局時,一方凈勝兩局為勝1盤
3.決勝局計分制
在每盤的局數為6平時,有以下兩種計分制。
(1)長盤制:一方凈勝兩局為勝1盤。
(2)短盤制:決勝盤除外,除非賽前另有規定,一般應按以下辦法執行。
A.先得7分者為勝該局及該盤(若分數為6平時,一方須凈兩分)。
B.首先發球員發第1分球,對方發第2、3分球,然後輪流發兩分球,直到比賽結束。
C.第1分球在右區發,第2分球在左區發,第3分球在右區發。
D.每6分球和決勝局結束都要交換場地。
4.短盤制的計分
(1)第1個球(0:0),發球員A發1分球,1分球之後換發球。
(2)第2、3個球(報1:0或0:1,不報15:0或0:15),由B發球,B連發兩分球後換發球,先從左區發球。
(3)第4、5個球(報3:0或1:2,2:1,不報40:0或15:30, 30:15),由A發球,A連發兩球後換發球後換發球,先從左區發球。
(4)第6、7個球(報3:3或2:4,4:2或1:5,5:1或6:0,0: 6) ,由B發1分球之後交換場地,若比賽未結束,B繼續發第7個球。
(5)比分打到5:5,6:6,7:7,8:8……時,需連勝兩分才能決定誰為勝方。但在記分表上則統一寫為7:6。
(6)決勝局打完之後,以方隊員交換場地。
場地規則:
球場種類
網球場可分為室外和室內,且有各種不同的球場表面。其將由經濟因素所決定。例如草地網球是最基本的戶外場地,但是其建立和保養費用太昂貴,所以現在以由人造球場取代,它較便宜容易保養。另外有一種在歐洲盛行的紅土球場,其法國公開賽即為此種球場。
基本規則
一般網球有一些基本規定如分為單打和雙打每場比賽 有數盤,而且一盤有數局,一局有數分 ,大多男子比賽
都以五盤為主,有些男子比賽及所有的女子比賽以叄 盤為勝負.以下為 局, 盤, 賽 的計分方式做說明。
球具簡介
你在選擇球選拍須要考慮的幾點:
一,球是否太種?或太輕?
二,握把是不是太?大或是太小 ?
三,球拍的頭重或頭輕?
四,你須要大拍面嗎?你知道中拍面與大拍面的功能嗎?
五,你喜歡穿線的密度嗎?你喜歡穿粗或細線?
六,你喜歡厚拍中厚拍的拍框?
七,球拍會不會太硬?硬軟有何利敝?
八,你喜歡長型或橢圓型的球拍?
九,你知道球拍的材質與設計的理念?
十,你對於線和握把皮,條釘,護套等零件都滿意嗎?
以下對此作一說明:
草地
因草地球場的維護,費時且費錢 ,所以越場來越少見。它們必具備良好的排水系統 ,右圖即為標準的草地
球場的痕橫切面。其上曾是7.5公分(3寸)的精挑土壤,和15公分(6寸)的暢通層,下面的兩曾面則是由石碟曾所以分開的非組織結構滲透層,而底土層上面是44
公分(18寸)寬的排水道。球場的周圍是由細長耐用的 條板,混泥土壁和牆角所建造。
人造
因為人造球場易於保護,所以漸漸普受歡迎.經過大幅
度修改的人造球場,往往最適於使用。右圖是美爾庫利球場由於結合還亞養基素樹脂平粗粒橡皮植組合而成,且噴上聚亞安脂,可滲透底層,上鋪有泊油。
紅土
硬地球場須要經常保養,而且維修費有時亦很昂。右圖 所示是建造良好的硬地球場橫切面。其購造的層次如下:19~40公
厚的表面物質,接著是由砂石熔渣或粗砂石所組成的碎石層,然後是12.5公分為(5寸)的滲透層,下土層上面和基準面22.5公分為(9寸) 下面是7.5
公分為(3寸)的排水管。
記分規則:
一、勝一分
遇到下列情況時,判對方勝1分:
1、發球員連續兩次發球失誤或腳誤時。
2、接球員在發來的球沒有著地前用球拍擊球,或球觸及自己的身體及所穿戴的衣物時。
3、在球第二次落地前未能還擊過網時。
4、還擊球觸及對方場區界線以外的地面、固定物或其它物件時。
5、還擊空中球失敗時。
6、在比賽中,擊球員故意用球拍拖帶或接住球,或故意用球拍觸球超過一次時。
7、「活球」期間運動員的身體、球拍(不論是否握在手中)或穿戴的其它物件觸及球網、網柱、單打支柱、繩或鋼絲繩、中心帶、網邊白布或對方場區以內的場地地面。
8、還擊尚未過網的空中球(過網擊球)。
9、除握在手中(不論單手或雙手)的球拍外,運動員的身體或穿戴的物體觸球。
10、拋拍擊球時。
11、比賽進行中,運動員故意改變其球拍形狀。
二、勝一局
運動員每勝一球得1分,先勝4分者勝一局。但遇雙方各得3分時,則為「平分」(ece)。「平分」後,一方先得1分時,為「接球佔先」(advantage serve)或「發球佔先」(advantage)。佔先後再得1分,才算勝一局。(其中得1分為fifteen,2分為thirty,3分為forty)
三、勝一盤
一方先勝6局為勝一盤,但遇雙方各得5局時,一方必須凈勝兩局才算勝一盤。
四、決勝局(tie break,也叫搶七局)
在每盤的局數為6平時,進行決勝局,先得7分為勝該局及該盤,若分數為6平時,一方須凈勝2分。
網球術語:
•Racket 網球拍
•Love 0分(出自法語)
•Grand slam 指連續贏得WimbledonU.S.OpenFrenchOpenAustralianOpen四大賽事
•Ground strock 球落地彈起後再擊球 最基本的打法(抽球)
•Vollry 截擊 Smash 扣球
•Kill 殺球.使對方無力防守之球
•Lob 吊高球.
•Drop shot 吊小球
•Forehand 正手拍
•Backhand 反手拍
•Top spin 上旋球
•Back spin 下旋球
•Serve 發球
•Net 觸網球