⑴ 求農產品外文文獻和翻譯
夜戴著羊毛似的鬍子趾高氣揚地來臨，
常常等候著你
姍姍來遲的朝霞，
徒勞掙扎著不肯走下陌生的階梯，
染紅的花冠。
糾結而無法自拔哈哈
⑵ 急求營銷英文參考文獻
wikipedia "marketing" 有非常多的連結
中英文都有
Marketing is an integrated communications-based process through which indivials and communities discover that existing and newly-identified needs and wants may be satisfied by the procts and services of others.
Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market, as in shopping, or going to a market to buy or sell goods or services.
Marketing practice tends to be seen as a creative instry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research. Seen from a systems point of view, sales process engineering views marketing as a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions, whose methods can be improved using a variety of relatively new approaches.
Marketing is influenced by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology and neuroscience are also small but growing influences. Market research underpins these activities through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. The marketing literature is also infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.
Four Ps
Main article: Marketing mix
In the early 1960s, Professor Neil Borden at Harvard Business School identified a number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer decision to purchase goods or services. Borden suggested that all those actions of the company represented a 「Marketing Mix」. Professor E. Jerome McCarthy, also at the Harvard Business School in the early 1960s, suggested that the Marketing Mix contained 4 elements: proct, price, place and promotion.
* Proct: The proct aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual goods or services, and how it relates to the end-user's needs and wants. The scope of a proct generally includes supporting elements such as warranties, guarantees, and support.
* Pricing: This refers to the process of setting a price for a proct, including discounts. The price need not be monetary; it can simply be what is exchanged for the proct or services, e.g. time, energy, or attention. Methods of setting prices optimally are in the domain of pricing science.
* Placement (or distribution): refers to how the proct gets to the customer; for example, point-of-sale placement or retailing. This third P has also sometimes been called Place, referring to the channel by which a proct or service is sold (e.g. online vs. retail), which geographic region or instry, to which segment (young alts, families, business people), etc. also referring to how the environment in which the proct is sold in can affect sales.
* Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, publicity, and personal selling. Branding refers to the various methods of promoting the proct, brand, or company.
⑶ 農產品市場營銷的文獻綜述如何寫急！！！
縱觀世界各國復農產品零售制業的發展和變遷可方式、農產品價格和質量等因素對農產品超市經營以發現，相對於傳統的農貿市場經營，農產品超市的發展關系重大。目前，超市在許多國家都成為農經營表現出許多優勢，如有助於提高農產品的流通產品零售市場的主導業態。如在拉美的厄瓜多、效率，可以從源頭上解決農產品的質量安全，能夠阿根廷、烏拉圭，超市在食品零售市場上所佔份額減少農產品交易中稅收的流失等。此外，超市便超過70％；在亞洲的馬來西亞、菲律賓，超市在蔬捷、多樣、規范的服務形式和舒適的購物環境，也能菜零售市場上占據35％的份額，在水果零售市場夠適應人均收入水平提高、生活節奏加快、消費結上的份額更是高達60％。在歐美發達國家，超市構升級的需求。隨著我國經濟持續穩定的發展，超在食品零售市場中所佔份額超過2／3，在蔬菜水果市經營在大中城市逐漸由興起階段轉向快速發展零售市......
⑷ 求一篇有關農產品出口的競爭力分析的外文文獻翻譯。急急急！！！
先到網路文庫，找一篇此類文檔中文的，然後用有道翻譯，或是谷歌在線翻譯翻成英
文，然後把英文放上面，中文放下面。希望可以幫到你。
一，選題要新穎。
這次我的論文的成功，和高分，得到導師的贊許，都是因為我論文的選題新穎所給我帶來的好處。最好涉及護理新領域，以及新進展，這樣會給人耳目一新的感覺。
二，大量文獻做基礎
仔細查閱和你論文題目和研究范圍相關的文獻，大量的文獻查閱會你的論文寫作鋪墊，借鑒別人的思路，和好的語言。而且在寫作過程不會覺得語言平乏，當然也要自己一定的語言功底做基矗
三，一氣呵成
做好充分的准備，不要每天寫一些，每天改一些，這樣會打斷自己的思路，影響文章的連貫。
四，盡量採用多的專業術語
可能口語化的表達會給人帶來親切感，但論文是比較專業的形式，是有可能做為文獻來查閱和檢索的，所以論文語言的專業化，術語化會提升自己論文的水平。
五，用正規格式書寫
參考正規的論文文獻，論文格式。不要因為格式問題，而影響到你論文的質量。
六，最好在計算機上完成寫作過程
如果有條件最好利用電腦來完成寫作過程，好處以下幾點：1，節省時間，無論打字的速度慢到什麼程度，肯定要比手寫的快。2，方便，大量的文獻放在手邊，一個一個查閱是很不方便的，文獻都是用資料庫編輯，所以都是在電腦上完成。提前先在電腦上摘要出重點，寫出提綱，隨時翻閱，方便寫作。3，修改編輯，在電腦隨時對文章進行修改編輯都是非常的方便。4，隨時存檔，寫一段，存一段，防止突然停電，或者電腦當機。本人就是吃了這個大虧，一個晚上的勞動，差點就全沒了，幸虧男友是電腦高手，幫我找回。否則就恨著電腦，哭死算了。
七，成稿列印好交給導師
無論你的字寫的多麼優美，還是按照慣例來，列印出的文字顯的正規，而且交流不存在任何的問題，不會讓導師因為看不懂你的龍飛鳳舞，而低估你的論文。而且干凈整潔，女孩子不僅注意自己的形象問題，書面的東西也反映你的修養和氣質。
八，聽取導師意見，仔細修改
導師會給你一些關於你論文建設性的意見，仔細參考，認真修改。畢竟導師是發表過多篇論文，有頗多的經驗。
⑸ 【100分】求有關農產品國際貿易的論文【畢業論文翻譯】的中英文對照。3000字左右.急等
有材料
現成的
也可以
訂做
⑹ 【急】求一篇外文翻譯 關於特色農業問題的外文文獻
Adjustment of agricultural structure, characteristics of the western region to speed up the development of agriculture
【Abstract】 implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of agriculture with characteristics Samangan province have provided favorable opportunities and broader space, this article from the analysis of Gansu Province, the implementation of the importance of agriculture with characteristics and the main features of the market potential of agricultural procts start to understand the characteristics of Gansu Province characteristics of agricultural proction and put forward the implementation of special agriculture in Gansu Province of the countermeasures and suggestions.
【Key words】 western characteristic agriculture
Gansu province is located in China's western region is a vast region, is included in the national development of the western region the concept of one of 12 provinces and municipalities and autonomous regions, serious soil erosion, land desertification, water shortages, destruction of vegetation, forest grassland degradation Gansu province is a major eco-environmental problems, instrial pollution in the city after-effects of economic development. Gansu Province, the fragile ecological environment will not only hinder further development of regional economy, but also the future of the living environment has become a major risk. All this has its crux of the problem: the history of long-term low levels of proctivity and ecological fragility of both cause and effect; "too much emphasis on food self-sufficiency" model of development led to forest destruction and soil erosion; economic construction does not follow the law of the ecological environment, ecological construction technology support the weak; institutional fragmentation, so that ecological protection and construction of the measures can hardly be implemented. Characteristics of agriculture refers to the unique resources, clear regional characteristics, a special proct quality and specific consumer market of agricultural instrialization. Gansu Province, a vast territory, light, heat, water, soil is rich in resources, species diversity, with the development of agriculture with characteristics and potential advantages. After years of development, characteristics of Gansu Province has been a foundation of agriculture. Implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province provided favorable opportunities and broader space. At present, we should seize the opportunity, clear thinking, focus, work out measures to speed up the characteristics of agricultural development in Gansu Province
1, the development of Gansu Province, the importance of agriculture with characteristics
1.1 The development of characteristic agriculture is implementing the western development strategy will focus on the task.
Agriculture is the basis for developing the western region and an important part. Characteristics of agriculture is the focus of agricultural development in the western region. Characteristics through the development of agriculture, strengthening infrastructure construction, improve proction conditions, enhance proctive capacity, can further strengthen agriculture as the foundation of Gansu Province to speed up agricultural and rural economic development pace for the development of Gansu's economy and narrow the gap between east and west to create the conditions.
1.2 is the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province strategic adjustment of agricultural structure of the main direction of attack.
The use of Gansu Province, rich in agricultural resources, in line with local conditions and characteristics of agricultural and instrial development, nurturing characteristics with the western instrial belt of agricultural and instrial groups, agricultural resources can achieve a multi-level, multi-channel development and utilization to meet the diversification and high quality market demand is concive to opening up new market space, Gansu Province, to promote the agricultural structure optimization and upgrading.
2. Gansu, the main features of the development potential of agricultural procts and market demand analysis
From the distribution of agricultural procts and market demand, both in terms of Gansu Province, with resources and potential for development of agricultural resources are mainly concentrated in the food, medicinal herbs, fruit and livestock procts on.
2.1, food
In 2002 the province's grain sown area of 3943 mu, 7.83 million tons grain output. Between regions in food proction that there are clear regional differences, good natural conditions in the plain areas and to take intensive intensive methods of proction inputs are also relatively large, thus the per capita grain output was significantly higher than other areas. Per capita food expenditure from the situation, the year the total income per capita grain 583.92 kilograms, 458.24 kilograms of total expenditures. Main per capita consumption of 258.45 kilograms of grain (including 212.89 kilograms of wheat, representing the main food consumed 82.37%), 42.75 kilograms of grain feed, 27.72 kilograms of seed grain. Help Gansu food consumption is still in a state of equilibrium tightness, food as the mainstay of rural food consumption status has not been any big changes.
With the graal deepening of reform and opening-up and join the WTO, the current international market prices tend to decline, while China's grain proction costs are generally upward trend. The short term a significant increase in land proctivity may be low, China's comparative advantage in grain proction continued to decline. In addition China's wheat import market of the United States and European Union countries in the Uruguay Round negotiations, reached an agreement to rece subsidies, which means that China can no longer own the market of imports from these relatively low over the past price of wheat to China to take measures to raise the level of food self-sufficiency and rece food imports. As the grain in Gansu Province larger share of agricultural procts, the impact of lower prices to become the province's agricultural prices decline in the overall level of the main factors.
2.2, economic crops
In the economic crops, the potential for greater processing Chinese herbal medicines, medicinal herbs market in the country occupies a pivotal role, medicines rough year more than 11,000 tons, 3270 tons of proprietary Chinese medicines. Five bulk. Angelica is in Gansu Province is the largest varieties of medicinal herbs, over the years has been in a tight pin, and annual proction of more than 28.4 thousand tons, the volume of 27,300 tons of goods, export volume of 1509 tons. At present, the formation of their own as the mainstay of rural Danggui market Minxian Xiguan, Meichuan, Dangchang hada Shop, of the rationale for Sichuan, Zhangxian Chengguan, Ishikawa, Weiyuan Kawasaki, etc. will be over 10. These markets with other medicines markets outside the network for the promotion of medicines in circulation has played an important role. Changium Gansu Province is the second largest varieties of medicinal herbs, annual output of more than 14,000 tons, the volume of more than 13,000 tons of goods, with its output accounting for about 70 percent of national output, of which the principal export patterns. Radix Hedysari is unique to Chinese herbal medicines in Gansu, the main export to Taiwan. Rhubarb and liquorice market demand, lack of sales proction, prices, market prospect.
Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province is the main pharmaceutical procts in 2002, the sown area of Gansu Province, 199 million mu of Chinese herbal medicines, the total output 305,800 tons, the annual instrial output value of Chinese medicine to 4 billion yuan, accounting for all the Chinese medicine instry to 40 percent. Medicine more prominent structural contradictions in the economy, small and scattered instrial enterprises, commercial enterprises in Gansu medicine abuse is a significant feature. Most of medicine resources on the supply of raw materials or primary procts market, value-added processing and great potential. Gansu medicine market capacity of 20 billion yuan, but in Gansu local market consumption of only 6 million yuan, the market demand.
References:
1, "on the characteristics of the western region to speed up the views of agricultural development," the Ministry of Agriculture 2002.12
2, Zhu Xing BAI "developing the western region - agriculture, rural areas and farmers," Economics and Management Press 2002.7
3, reference is LiuXinmao weeks "loess ground green hope" Lanzhou University Press 1999.1
中文大意如下
調整農業產業結構，加快西部地區特色農業的發展
【論文摘要】實施西部大開發戰略和農業結構戰略性調整，為發展甘省特色農業提供了有利的機遇和廣闊的空間，本文從分析甘肅省實施特色農業的重要性和主要特色農產品的市場潛力入手，了解甘肅省特色農業的生產特點，提出了甘肅省實施特色農業的對策與建議。
【關鍵詞】西部 特色農業
甘肅省位於中國的西部，是一片廣闊的地域，是被國家劃入西部大開發概念的12個省市自治區之一，嚴重的水土流失、土地荒漠化加劇、水資源短缺、植被破壞、森林草原退化是甘肅省面臨的主要生態環境問題，工業污染成為城市發展經濟的後遺症。甘肅省脆弱的生態環境不僅阻礙區域經濟的進一步發展，而且已經成為未來生存環境的重大隱患。這一切問題都有其症結所在：歷史上長期的生產力水平低下與生態脆弱互為因果；「過分強調糧食自給」的發展模式導致森林破壞和水土流失；經濟建設不遵循生態環境規律，生態建設科技支撐能力薄弱；制度上條塊分割，使生態環境保護和建設各項措施難以落實。特色農業是指具有獨特的資源條件、明顯的區域特徵、特殊的產品品質和特定的消費市場的農業產業。甘肅省地域遼闊，光、熱、水、土資源豐富，物種資源多樣，具有發展特色農業的優勢和潛力。經過多年的發展，甘肅省特色農業已有一定的基礎。實施西部大開發戰略和農業結構戰略性調整，為發展甘肅省特色農業提供了有利的機遇和廣闊的空間。當前，要抓住機遇，明確思路，突出重點，制定措施，加快甘肅省特色農業發展
1、發展甘肅省特色農業的重要性
1.1發展特色農業是實施西部大開發戰略的重點任務。
農業是西部大開發的基礎和重要組成部分。特色農業是西部農業開發的重點。通過發展特色農業，加強基礎設施建設，改善生產條件，提高生產能力，可以進一步加強農業基礎地位，加快甘肅省農業和農村經濟發展步伐，為發展甘肅經濟和縮小東西部差距創造條件。
1.2發展特色農業是甘肅省農業結構戰略性調整的主攻方向。
利用甘肅省豐富的農業資源，因地制宜地發展特色農產品和產業，培育具有西部特色的農業產業帶和產業群，可以實現農業資源多層次、多途徑的開發利用，滿足多樣化、優質化的市場需求，有利於開辟新的市場空間，促進甘肅省農業結構的優化和升級。
2. 甘肅主要特色農產品的開發潛力及市場需求分析
從農產品分布特點和市場需求兩方面來看，甘肅省具有資源優勢和開發潛力的農產品資源主要集中在糧食、葯材、果品和畜產品上。
2.1、糧食作物
2002年全省糧食播種面積3943萬畝，糧食總產量783萬噸。區域之間在糧食生產上存在著明顯的地區差異，平原地區自然條件好，並採取集約化的精耕細作方式，生產性投入也比較大，因而人均糧食產量明顯高於其它地區。從人均糧食收支情況看，年內人均糧食收入合計583.92公斤，支出合計458.24公斤。人均主食用糧258.45公斤(其中小麥212.89公斤，佔主食用糧的82.37%)，飼料用糧42.75公斤，種籽用糧27.72公斤。說明甘肅糧食消費仍處於緊度平衡狀態，糧食作為農村食品消費的主體地位沒有什麼大的變化。
隨著改革開放的逐步深入及加入WTO，目前國際市場上糧價趨於下降，而我國糧食生產成本總體上則呈上升趨勢。短期內土地生產率大幅度提高的可能不大，我國糧食生產的比較優勢仍在下降。此外中國小麥進口市場的美國和歐盟各國在烏拉圭回合談判中達成消減補貼的協議，這意味著中國己不可能再從這些市場上進口過去價格相對較低的小麥，促使中國採取措施提高糧食自給水平，減少糧食進口。由於糧食在甘肅省農產品中所佔比重較大，其價格下降成為影響全省農產品價格總水平下降的主要因素。
2.2、經濟作物
在經濟作物中，中葯材加工潛力較大，在全國葯材市場中佔有舉足輕重的作用，葯材年粗加工1．1萬多噸，中成葯3270噸。五種大宗地道中葯材。當歸是甘肅省葯材的第一大品種，多年來一直處於緊銷狀態，年產量達2.84萬多噸，商品量2.73萬噸，出口量1509噸。目前己形成以當歸為主體的農村市場有岷縣西關、梅川，宕昌哈達鋪、理川，漳縣城關、石川，渭源會川等十多個。這些市場同省外其它葯材市場形成了網路，對於促進葯材流通起到了重要的作用。黨參是甘肅省葯材第二大品種，年產1.4萬多噸，商品量1.3萬多噸，其產量約佔全國總產量的70%，其中紋當主要提供出口。紅芪是甘肅特有的中葯材，主要出口台灣。大黃和甘草市場需求量大，產不足銷，價格上升，市場前景看好。
中葯是甘肅省醫葯產品的主力，2002年甘肅省中葯材播種面積199萬畝，總產量30.58萬噸，年中葯工業產值達到4億元，佔到全部醫葯工業的40％。醫葯經濟結構性矛盾比較突出，工業企業小而散、商業企業多而濫是甘肅醫葯的一個顯著特徵。大部分葯材資源是以原材料或初級產品供應市場，加工增值潛力大。甘肅葯材市場容量在20億元以上，但甘肅本地產品市場的消費量只有6億多元，市場需求量大。
參考文獻：
1、《關於加快西部地區特色農業發展的意見》 農業部 2002.12
2、朱文興 白明 《西部大開發――農業、農村、農民》 經濟管理出版社 2002.7
3、劉興茂 周述實 《黃土地上的綠色希望》 蘭州大學出版社 1999.1