⑴ 鎬ラ渶緲昏瘧璁烘枃鑻辨枃鎽樿侊紒錛侊紒
闅忕潃浜掕仈緗戠殑鍙戝睍鍜岀數瀛愬晢鍔＄殑搴旂敤錛岀綉緇滆惀閿宸茬粡鎴愪負浼佷笟涓縐嶉噸瑕佺殑钀ラ攢鏂瑰紡銆
With the development of the Internet and e-commerce applications, network marketing has become enterprise an important marketing methods.
緗戠粶钀ラ攢寰堝ぇ紼嬪害鏀瑰彉浜嗕紶緇熻惀閿鐨勭悊蹇點
The network marketing greatly changed the traditional marketing concept.
浣嗛【瀹㈠繝璇氬逛紒涓氱殑閲嶈佹剰涔夊苟鏈鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉銆
But customer loyalty to enterprise's important meaning didn't happen change.
淇℃伅鏃朵唬錛岄【瀹㈠繝璇氱殑寤虹珛鍜屽琺鍥哄逛簬浼佷笟鐨勫彂灞曟槸鑷沖叧閲嶈佺殑銆
The information age, the customer loyalty to establish and consolidate enterprise development is of vital importance.
欏懼㈠繝璇氳兘澶熶嬌浼佷笟鎻愰珮鐢熶駭鏁堢巼銆侀檷浣庢垚鏈銆侀泦涓綺懼姏銆佸ｄ紶浼佷笟褰㈣薄鍜屾秷闄や俊鎮閫忔槑鍖栧甫鏉ョ殑褰卞搷銆
Customer loyalty enable enterprises to improve proction efficiency and rece cost, concentrate, propaganda enterprise image and eliminate the impact of information transparency.
浠婂ぉ鐨勫叕鍙擱潰涓寸潃鏇村姞嬋鐑堢殑絝炰簤錛屽備綍璧㈠緱欏懼㈡垬鑳滅珵浜夎咃紝絳旀堝湪浜庢弧瓚抽【瀹㈤渶瑕併佷嬌欏懼㈡弧鎰忋
Today's companies face more intense competition, how to win customer win over competitors, the answer is to satisfy the customer, make customer satisfaction.
钀ラ攢澶у笀縐戠壒鍕掓浘緇忚達細鈥滈櫎浜嗘弧瓚抽【瀹浠ュ栵紝浼佷笟榪樿佸彇鎮︿粬浠鈥濄
Marketing gurus once said: "in addition to p.m. outside, satisfy customer enterprise should be please them".
鍥犳ゅ備綍鍩硅偛騫朵繚鐣欏繝璇氶【瀹㈡垚涓轟紒涓氫笉鏂榪芥眰鐨勭洰鏍囥
Therefore, how to cultivate and keeping loyal customers become enterprise continuously the pursuit of the goal.
鏈鏂囧湪浠嬬粛緗戠粶钀ラ攢鐩稿叧鐞嗚恆佸垎鏋愮綉緇滆惀閿鐗圭偣鍜岀幆澧冪殑鍩烘湰涔嬩笂錛岃︾粏浠嬬粛浜嗗湪緗戠粶钀ラ攢涓嬪獎鍝嶉【瀹㈠繝璇氱殑鍏涓鍥犵礌銆
This paper introces the related theory and analysis of network marketing network marketing the basic features and environment are introced in detail on network marketing under the six factors affecting customer loyalty.
鍦ㄥ垎鏋愬叚澶у洜緔犵殑鍩虹涓婏紝寤虹珛浜嗙綉緇滆惀閿鏉′歡涓嬮【瀹㈠繝璇氬艦鎴愮殑鎯呮櫙妯″瀷銆
The six factors in the analysis of established, on the basis of network marketing conditions of customer loyalty formation scenario model.
浠庤岃兘澶熶竴瀹氱▼搴︾殑瑙ｉ噴鍦ㄧ綉緇滆惀閿鐜澧冧笅欏懼㈠繝璇氱殑褰㈡垚闂棰橈紝鍩轟簬瀵瑰悇涓鍥犵礌鐨勫垎鏋愪箣涓婏紝鎻愮偧鍑哄湪緗戠粶钀ラ攢鐜澧冧笅鍩硅偛鍜屾彁鍗囩綉緇滃㈡埛蹇犺瘹搴︾殑絳栫暐浠ュ強鐩稿叧涓炬帾銆
So it can be a certain degree of explanation in network marketing environment formation of customer loyalty, and basing on the analysis of various factors on extracts in network marketing, network environment to cultivate and promote customer loyalty and related measures. Strategy
⑵ 本人急需一篇（關於市場營銷的英文文章），三千字英文，有中文的翻譯．
市場營銷（Marketing）又稱為 市場學、市場行銷或行銷學。簡稱「營銷」，台灣常稱作「行銷」，是指個人或集體通過交易其創造的產品或價值以獲得所需之物實現雙贏或多贏的過程。
權威定義
美國市場營銷協會下的定義是：
行銷是創造、溝通與傳送價值給顧客，及經營顧客關系以便讓組織與其利益關系人受益的一種組織功能與程序
菲利普·科特勒下的定義強調了營銷的價值導向：
市場營銷是個人和集體通過創造，提供出售，並同別人交換和價值，以獲得其所需所欲之物的一種社會和管理過程。
而格隆羅斯給的定義強調了營銷的目的：
營銷是在一種利益之上下，通過相互交換和承諾，建立、維持、鞏固與消費者及其他參與者的關系，實現各方的目的)。
[編輯] 新式定義
台灣的江亘松在＜你的行銷行不行＞中強調行銷的變動性，利用行銷的英文 Marketing 作了下面的定義
「什麼是行銷？」就字面上來說，「行銷」的英文是「Marketing」，若把 Marketing 這個字拆成 Market（市場）與 ing（英文的現在進行式表示方法）這兩個部分，那行銷可以用「市場的現在進行式」來表達產品、價格、促銷、通路的變動性導致供需雙方的微妙關系。
＜你的行銷行不行＞ISBN: 978-986-82609-5-5，理財文化, 2007.08 出版
[編輯] 市場營銷理論發展的四個階段
初創階段(1900年—1920年)
功能研究階段(1921年—1945年)
現代市場營銷學形成和發展階段(1945年—1980年)
營銷擴展階段(1980年以後)
[編輯] 市場與需求
市場營銷學中的市場可以等同於需求，即研究消費者的現實需求和潛在需求。
美國市場營銷協會(AMA)的定義委員會1960年對市場提出以下的定義：
「 市場是指一種貨物或勞務的潛在購買者的集合需求。 」
菲利普·科特勒把市場定義為
「 市場是指某種產品的所有實際的和潛在的購買者的集合。 」
[編輯] 市場的類型
市場從不同角度，可以劃分為不同的類型。其中按商品的基本屬性可劃分為一般商品市場和特殊商品市場。一般商品市場指狹義的商品市場，即貨物市場，包括消費品市場和工業品市場；特殊商品市場指為滿足消費者的資金需要和服務需要而形成的市場，包括資本市場，勞動力市場和技術信息市場。對以上兩種市場作分析時一般要研究消費者市場，產業市場和政府市場。
市場營銷環境分析常用的方法為SWOT分析方法，它是英文Strength(優勢)、Weakness(劣勢)、Opportunity(機會)、Threaten(威脅)的意思。從內部環境分析優劣勢，從外部環境分析機會與威脅。
[編輯] 市場營銷策略
營銷組合的四個因素常稱作4P，即：
產品（Proct)
價格 (Price)
推廣 (Promotion)
通路與配銷 (Place&Distribution)
這四個因素應用到營銷過程中，就形成了四方面的營銷策略。加上政治POLITICS和公共關系PUBLIC，是為6P。
1981年布姆斯（Booms）和比特納（Bitner）建議在傳統市場營銷理論4Ps的基礎上增加三個「服務性的P」，即：人員(People)、流程(Process)、環境(或是或實體環境；Physical evidence)。
根據與市場競爭對手對抗的需要而制定富有競爭力的產品、價格、渠道和促銷政策。這一時期誕生了著名的4P理論。當時還是大眾媒體盛行的時代，依靠大眾媒體促進銷售，無差異化策略成為這一階段的明顯特徵。
[編輯] 產品
產品策略主要研究新產品開發，產品生命周期，品牌策略等，是價格策略，促銷策略和分銷策略的基礎。
[編輯] 價格
價格策略又稱定價策略，主要研究產品的定價、調價等[[市場營銷工具]
[編輯] 推廣
推廣是將組織與產品訊息傳播給目標市場的活動，它主要的焦點在於溝通。透過推廣，企業試圖讓消費者知曉、了解、喜愛或購買產品，進而影響產品的知名度、形象、銷售量，乃至於企業的生長與生存。有了推廣，消費者才可得知產品提供何種利益、價格多少、可以到什麼地方購買及如何購買等，而這些消費者反應會進一步協助推動其他行銷組合(產品、價格、通路)。
[編輯] 通路
又稱渠道策略，也稱為促銷。它代表企業（機構）在將自身產品送抵最終消費者之前，所制定的與各類分銷商之間的貿易關系、成本分攤和利益分配方式的綜合體系。這里的分銷商既包含批發商，也包含零售商，甚至包含物流配送商和直銷公司的直銷人員。
企業制定分銷政策的目的是：讓產品更順暢地到達顧客手中，既要保證分銷成本低廉，又要保證顧客對送貨期、送貨量、裝配服務、疑難咨詢等方面的要求。
在產品日益豐富的情況下，分銷政策可能變得越來越難制定，因為相對於產品和品牌的過量，分銷商則顯得稀少，因而後者擁有了大量討價還價的權力，力圖從製造商或上游企業那裡獲得更大的利益分成比例。
零售商在最近10年的表現尤其令人矚目，它們不僅從事零售，也開始插手於產品的上游生產過程，並以自己的店鋪名稱或獨創名稱作為自己所產新品的品牌——即自有品牌（private brand/label），或叫店鋪品牌（store brand/label）。這更深地威脅到了純粹的製造企業的利潤空間，當然也大大增加了後者制定分銷策略的難度。
[編輯] 人員（People)
所有的人都直接或間接地被捲入某種服務的消費過程中，這是7P營銷組合很重要的一個觀點。知識工作者、白領雇員、管理人員以及部分消費者將額外的價值增加到了既有的社會總產品或服務的供給中，這部分價值往往非常顯著。
[編輯] 流程（Process）
服務通過一定的程序、機制以及活動得以實現的過程（亦即消費者管理流程），是市場營銷戰略的一個關鍵要素。
[編輯] 環境（Physical Evidence）
包括服務供給得以順利傳送的服務環境，有形商品承載和表達服務的能力，當前消費者的無形消費體驗，以及向潛在顧客傳遞消費滿足感的能力。
[編輯] 4C
包括：
顧客（Customer）
成本（Cost）
溝通（Communication）
便利（convenience)。
加上機會Chance，市場變化Change為6C。
不銷售製造的產品，而要將滿足消費者需求的產品售出；不要依競爭者或者自我的盈利策略定價，而是要通過一系列測試手段了解消費者為滿足需求願付出的成本；不要以自身為出發點，想著網點怎麼布置，採用什麼樣的通路策略，而要關注消費者購買產品的便利性；不是想著如何通過媒體傳播來提升銷量，而要和消費者互動溝通。
[編輯] 營銷種類
[編輯] 整合營銷
整合營銷傳播（Integrated Marketing Communications ）
[編輯] 資料庫營銷（DATABASE MARKETING）
[編輯] 網路營銷（Internet Marketing）
網路營銷是企業整體營銷戰略的一個組成部分，是為實現企業總體經營目標所進行的，以互聯網為基本手段營造網上經營環境的各種活動。
網路營銷的職能包括網站推廣、網路品牌、信息發布、在線調研、顧客關系、顧客服務、銷售渠道、銷售促進八個方面。
Viral Marketing
[編輯] 標竿行銷（Bench Marketing）
由江亘松在＜你的行銷行不行＞提出
以某個市場上已經存在的競爭者為比較基準的行銷方式，例如普騰這家公司於十幾年前提出一句很經典的「Sorry，Sony」到現在還是經常被產業與學術界拿來當作行銷的案例，近年來Audi一直宣稱他們的部分車種在歐洲市場無論在性能或銷售上都令雙B感覺到威脅，這樣的行銷方法就是希望讓那些原本沒有打算買Audi的亞洲買家去思考，為什麼歐洲的消費者願意買的車在亞洲的我們卻沒有給予適當的評價。
當然要提出這樣的行銷方式勢必要先對自己的產品有一定的信心，否則如果「如花」喊出「Sorry林志玲」認同的觀眾應該不會太多吧。
Viral Marketing
[編輯] 直效營銷（DIRECT MARKETING）
根據kotler．keller行銷管理學第12版中譯本
直效行銷（direct marketing）是在沒有中間行銷商的情況下，利用消費者直接（consumer direct,CD）通路來接觸及傳送貨品和服務給客戶。主要通路包括直接信函、型錄、電話推銷，電視購物、小的售票亭、網路和汽車廣告。
直效行銷是互動是行銷系統，利用一種或多種媒體影響任何地區可衡量的回應或交易。特別是在電子行銷中正快速成長。
[編輯] 關系營銷（RELATIONSHIP MARKETING）
在很多情況下，公司並不能尋求即時的交易，所以他們會與長期供應商建立顧客關系。
公司想要展現給顧客的是卓越的服務能力，現在的顧客多是大型且全球性的。他們偏好可以提供不同地區配套產品
或服務的供應商，且可以快速解決各地的問題。
當顧客關系管理計畫被執行時，組織就必須同時注重顧客和產品管理。同時，公司必須明白，雖然關系行銷很重要，
但並不是在任何情況下都會有效的。因此，公司必須評估哪一個部門與哪一種特定的顧客採用關系行銷最有利。
[編輯] 燎原式行銷
由江亘松在＜你的行銷行不行＞提出「燎原式行銷」的重點在於，以自己強大的財力為基礎，先採取競爭對手無法跟隨並獲利的低價策略，逼迫市場競爭者紛紛退出並且樹立警告指標不讓其他潛在業者輕易越矩，這樣在下一個不怕死的競爭者出現之前，就可以創造一個無競爭者的獨占市場。
[編輯] 綠色營銷
[編輯] 社會營銷
[編輯] 營銷社團
[編輯] 市場調研
市場調研又稱營銷調研，指企業在市場營銷決策過程中，需要系統客觀收集和分析有關營銷活動的信息所做的研究。營銷調研活動涉及到產品，廣告，促銷渠道選擇，競爭者等諸多方面。
[編輯] 營銷理論的新發展
病毒式營銷
關系營銷
資料庫營銷
網路營銷
國際營銷
綠色營銷
服務營銷
過程營銷
收益管理
Marketing is an ongoing process of planning and executing the marketing mix (Proct, Price, Place, Promotion) for procts, services or ideas to create exchange between indivials and organizations.
Marketing tends to be seen as a creative instry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research.
Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or directing an organization to be successful in selling a proct or service that people not only desire, but are willing to buy.
Therefore good marketing must be able to create a "proposition" or set of benefits for the end customer that delivers value through procts or services.
Its specialist areas include:
advertising and branding
communications
database marketing
direct marketing
event organization
field marketing
global marketing
international marketing
internet marketing
instrial marketing
market research
public relations
retailing
search engine marketing
marketing strategy
marketing plan
strategic management
Experiential marketing
Introction
A market-focused, or customer-focused, organization first determines what its potential customers desire, and then builds the proct or service. Marketing theory and practice is justified in the belief that customers use a proct or service because they have a need, or because it provides a perceived benefit.
Two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management). Once a marketer has converted the prospective buyer, base management marketing takes over. The process for base management shifts the marketer to building a relationship, nurturing the links, enhancing the benefits that sold the buyer in the first place, and improving the proct/service continuously to protect the business from competitive encroachments.
For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers or Shoppers in the target market. Trying to convince a market segment to buy something they don't want is extremely expensive and seldom successful. Marketers depend on insights from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are willing to pay for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing management is the practical application of this process. The offer is also an important addition to the 4P's theory.
Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are led by a Vice President or Director of Marketing. A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer.
The American Marketing Association (AMA) states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.".[1]
Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but growing influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. Marketing is a wide and heavily interconnected subject with extensive publications. It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.
[edit] Concept of Marketing
Marketing is an instructive business domain that serves to inform and ecate target markets about the value and competitive advantage of a company and its procts. 「Value」 is worth derived by the customer from owning and using the proct. 「Competitive Advantage」 is a depiction that the company or its procts are each doing something better than their competition in a way that could benefit the customer.
Marketing is focused on the task of conveying pertinent company and proct related information to specific customers, and there are a multitude of decisions (strategies) to be made within the marketing domain regarding what information to deliver, how much information to deliver, to whom to deliver, how to deliver, when to deliver, and where to deliver. Once the decisions are made, there are numerous ways (tactics) and processes that could be employed in support of the selected strategies.
The goal of marketing is to build and maintain a preference for a company and its procts within the target markets. The goal of any business is to build mutually profitable and sustainable relationships with its customers. While all business domains are responsible for accomplishing this goal, the marketing domain bears a significant share of the responsibility.
Within the larger scope of its definition, marketing is performed through the actions of three coordinated disciplines named: 「Proct Marketing」, 「Corporate Marketing」, and 「Marketing Communications」. [1]
[edit] Two levels of marketing
Strategic marketing attempts to determine how an organization competes against its competitors in a market place. In particular, it aims at generating a competitive advantage relative to its competitors.
Operational marketing executes marketing functions to attract and keep customers and to maximize the value derived for them, as well as to satisfy the customer with prompt services and meeting the customer expectations. Operational Marketing includes the determination of the porter's five forces
Four Ps
In the early 1960s, Professor Neil Borden at Harvard Business School identified a number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer decision to purchase goods or services. Borden suggested that all those actions of the company represented a 「Marketing Mix」. Professor E. Jerome McCarthy, also at the Harvard Business School in the early 1960s, suggested that the Marketing Mix contained 4 elements: proct, price, place and promotion.
In popular usage, "marketing" is the promotion of procts, especially advertising and branding. However, in professional usage the term has a wider meaning which recognizes that marketing is customer-centered. Procts are often developed to meet the desires of groups of customers or even, in some cases, for specific customers. E. Jerome McCarthy divided marketing into four general sets of activities. His typology has become so universally recognized that his four activity sets, the Four Ps, have passed into the language.
The four Ps are:
Proct: The proct aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual goods or services, and how it relates to the end-user's needs and wants. The scope of a proct generally includes supporting elements such as warranties, guarantees, and support.
Pricing: This refers to the process of setting a price for a proct, including discounts. The price need not be monetary - it can simply be what is exchanged for the proct or services, e.g. time, energy, psychology or attention.
Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, publicity, and personal selling, branding and refers to the various methods of promoting the proct, brand, or company.
Placement (or distribution): refers to how the proct gets to the customer; for example, point of sale placement or retailing. This fourth P has also sometimes been called Place, referring to the channel by which a proct or services is sold (e.g. online vs. retail), which geographic region or instry, to which segment (young alts, families, business people), etc.
字數超限
⑶ 如何用英文翻譯網路營銷作為適應網路技術發展與信息網路年代社會變革的新型營銷方式
Network Marketing Network adaptation of information technology development and social transformation in the network's new marketing methods .
⑷ 有關於網路營銷方面的英文文章300字左右，加中文翻譯的！謝謝！！
INTERNET With computer technology and the rapid development of the concept of time and space, the concept of the consumer market and the nature of Dengjie market has undergone profound changes, network marketing came into being. The network also promoted the birth of e-commerce, the rapid development of the network economy. Network marketing companies have therefore become an essential means of market and become the inevitable trend of corporate marketing. Network marketing of traditional marketing model of a certain impact, but also to the SMEs of certain opportunities. This paper analyses the characteristics of the network marketing, analysis of China's SMEs to network marketing of the favorable factors, the status quo, the existing problems on the network marketing to bring the competitive advantages of small and medium enterprises, SMEs in China by the network marketing strategy, from a strategic Analysis of the height of China's SMEs combat the specific network marketing strategy.
隨著計算機技術和INTERNET的迅速發展，時間和空間的概念、消費者的概念、市場的性質和市場行為等皆發生了深刻變化，網路營銷應運而生。網路的誕生也推動了電子商務、網路經濟的飛速發展。網路營銷也因此成為企業角逐市場的必備手段，成為企業營銷的必然趨勢。網路營銷對傳統營銷模式造成了一定的沖擊，同時也給中小企業帶來的一定的機遇。本文分析了網路營銷的特點，分析了我國中小企業開展網路營銷的有利因素、現狀、存在的問題，論述了網路營銷給中小企業帶來的競爭優勢，提出了我國中小企業網路營銷戰略，從戰略的高度分析了我國中小企業網路營銷實戰的具體策略。
⑸ 急求一份關於網路營銷的英文文獻！可追加高分！
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⑹ （急）翻譯 網路營銷 網站設計 電子商務
The 21st century is a market economy age in which the globalization of economic information further develops.
The proportion of the tertiary-instry keeps increasing in each countries,especially the service instry.The information service instry has been on the leading position in the 21st century,affected by the tendency of the global information,as one of the marketing strategy,modern communications technology helps the enterprise reach the marketing goal.The paper discusses the developing situation of China's electronic commerce from three aspects,namely the developing environment and the open question of the electronic commerce technology,the developing tendency of the electronic mommerce as well as the construction of the corporate website.
key words,network marketing,website design,electronic commerce.
希望能幫上你！
⑺ 外文文獻資料
Internet Marketing,「網路營銷」可以參考下內容：）~~
Internet marketing team has always taken pride in using up-to-date, competitive, and ethical search engine marketing strategies that really get results for on-line business. Our unique understanding of the inner workings of the web and the strategy required to compete successfully can make your web site a winner.
If your web site is not getting the traffic and making the sales you had hoped,internet marketing services will help make your site a success. Everyday we help web sites, just like yours, successfully compete on the Internet.
Competing successfully on the internet requires strategy. Since each business, market, and web site is unique, each requires it's own strategic marketing plan.
SEO is the foundation of our Internet Marketing services. The search engines base their rankings on many factors. There are some things they like a lot, and some things they don't tolerate.
Internet Marketing,直譯為「網路營銷」。它有廣義和狹義兩種定義。
廣義上，Internet Marketing指企業利用互聯網為滿足用戶需求，實現企業目標而提供產品或服務的一系列經營活動過程。它包括市場調研、產品的目標市場選擇、產品設計、產品開發、營銷組合策略的制定、產品銷售、售後服務、用戶意見反饋、效果評估、策略調整等一系列與市場有關的企業經營活動。英文的定義為：(also known as online marketing) the use of the Internet to disseminate information, communicate with the marketplace, advertise, promote, sell and/or distribute procts or services.
狹義上，Internet Marketing被理解成網站推廣，是等同於Web Promotion或Site Promotion的一種推廣行為。英文的定義為：Methods of using the Internet to promote procts and services, includes site optimization, banner ads and pay-per-click.
Internet Marketing在廣義上是戰略，在狹義上是戰術。
目前網上普遍提到的「網路營銷」大都指的是狹義上的網站推廣，為了區別於狹義的定義，今後我將用「網路市場營銷」這個詞來表示Internet Marketing廣義的意思。
⑻ 急！高分求英文高手幫忙翻譯論文摘要
In today's society, network marketing information by more and more enterprises, network marketing and give these enterprises brings enormous business opportunities. At the same time, as a kind of modern marketing, network marketing way for its unique advantage. Based on the knowledge of marketing, simple introces dell network marketing mode, and the implementation of network marketing to dell's competitive advantage to the simple generalization. Based on the analysis of network marketing strategy dell, affirmation in computer field of success, and points out the disadvantage of network marketing, network marketing and conform to the future for the proposed, based on the analysis of network marketing model dell, find the learning Chinese enterprises is our management concept.